Individual mice differ in the dose of ethanol they will ingest voluntarily when it is offered during limited access periods in the circadian dark, a phenotype called drinking in the dark (DID). Substantial genetic variation in DID has been reported across a few standard inbred mouse strains, and a line of High Drinking in the Dark (HDID) mice has been established through selective breeding on t...

Fourteen Ganoderma lucidum strains from different geographic regions were identified using ITS region sequencing. Based on the sequences obtained, the genomic relationship between the analyzed strains was determined. All G. lucidum strains were also genetically characterized using the AFLP technique. G. lucidum strains included in the analysis displayed an AFLP profile similarity level in the r...

In this study we explore shifting patterns in crime across Wisconsin counties between 1990 and 2000. Building on the three core ecological theories of criminology including strain/anomie, social disorganization and economic rational choice theories we hypothesis that socioeconomic well-being can be used to identify predictable patterns of change in crime. The data generally support the notion t...

The present study evaluated the long-lasting effects of neonatal handling (NH; administered during the first 21 days of life) on unlearned and learned anxiety-related responses in inbred Roman High- (RHA-I) and Low-avoidance (RLA-I) rats. To this aim, untreated and neonatally-handled RHA-I and RLA-I rats of both sexes were tested in the following tests/tasks: a novel object exploration (NOE) te...

1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena-Egypt 2 Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, University Essen-Duisburg, Essen-Germany 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhyyie/Ankara-Türkiye 4 Animal Nutrition Group, Institute of Animal Science, U...

Borna disease virus has been adapted to the mouse, which required at least three passages in rat brains. Genetic specificity as studied with five inbred mouse strains was not evident. Newborn mice inoculated intracerebrally expressed antigen in neurons and remained persistently infected, with up to 10(7) infectious units per gram of brain tissue. Animals infected at different ages developed no ...

Ethical principles governing the conduct of experiments with animals are reviewed, especially those relating to the choice of species. Legislation requires that the potential harm to animals arising from any procedure should be assessed in advance and justified in terms of its possible benefit to society. Potential harms may arise both from the procedures and the quality of the animals' lifetim...

Matthews, Peter B. C. Historical analysis of the neural control of movement from the bedrock of animal experimentation to human studies. J Appl Physiol 96: 1478–1485, 2004; 10.1152/japplphysiol.00978.2003.—The history of the investigation of the sensorimotor control of movement is outlined from its inception at the beginning of the 19th century. Particular emphasis is placed on the opening up o...

tion, are labelled as sprains ; cases involving different peri-articular and articular structures are also included. Theoretically sprain is considered to be a stretch and partial rupture of ligaments, tendons, or muscles, in, around and near a joint, producing the typical syndrome*. There are two views as to the mechanism of production of the syndrome, namely, the reflex theory, and the mechan...

Locomotion is an important element of the animal's activity. It may take various states as regards gait and speed. Moreover, it supports all main behavioural functions in that locomotion enables the animal to act properly, in space and time, serving its different needs. For this reason impaired locomotion is an important threat to survival in free living animals, and probably perceived as such ...