We investigate the relationship between three-valued Kripke/Kleene semantics and stratified semantics for stratifiable logic programs. We first show these are compatible, in the sense that if the three-valued semantics assigns a classical truth value, the stratified approach will assign the same value. Next, the familiar fixed point semantics for pure Horn clause programs gives both smallest an...

Prentice & Pyke (1979) established that the maximum likelihood estimate of an odds ratio in a case-control study is the same as would be found by fitting a logistic regression; in other words, for this specific target the incorrect prospective model is inferentially equivalent to the correct retrospective model. Similar results have been obtained for other models, and conditions have also been ...

OBJECTIVE To identify and appraise the evidence for an association between laryngomalacia (LM) and acid reflux through a systematic review of the existing literature. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and collected additional publications cited in bibliographies. REVIEW METHODS Literature search by both authors with structured criteria to select studies eva...

The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm) is the causative agent of listeriosis, a rare but fatal foodborne disease. During infection, Lm can traverse several host barriers and enter the cytosol of a variety of cell types. Thus, consideration of the extracellular and intracellular niches of Lm is critical for understanding the infection process. Here, we review advances in our underst...

Rapid, selective particle separation and concentration within the bacterial size range (1–3 lm) in clinical or environmental samples promises significant improvements in detection of pathogenic microorganisms in areas including diagnostics and bio-defence. It has been proposed that microfluidic Dean flow-based separation might offer simple, efficient sample clean-up: separation of larger, bioas...

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) evades being killed after phagocytosis by macrophages by escaping from vacuoles into cytoplasm. Activated macrophages are listericidal, in part because they can retain Lm in vacuoles. This study examined the contribution of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) to the inhibition of Lm escape from vacuoles. Lm escaped from vacuo...

BACKGROUND Soft tissue defects of the lateral malleolus (LM) and Achilles tendon pose difficult reconstructive problems due to the bony prominence and limited local tissue available. The objectives were to study the anatomical landmarks of the lateral calcaneal artery (LCA) and patency of LCA in atherosclerotic patients. METHODS Part I: Thirty-four cadaveric feet were dissected to identify th...

23 Neutrophil (PMNL) influx precedes lung macrophage (LM) influx into the lung following 24 exposure of newborn pups to 60% O2. We hypothesized that PMNL were responsible for the 25 signals leading to LM influx. This was confirmed when inhibition of PMNL influx with a CXC 26 chemokine receptor-2 antagonist, SB-265610, also prevented the 60% O2-dependent LM influx, 27 LM-derived nitrotyrosine fo...