To the Editor: In southern Eu-rope, zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum used to be considered a rural disease, but it is becoming more prevalent in urban areas. Outbreaks in urban/periur-ban settings are associated with the urbanization of natural zoonotic foci (1). The presence of a high number of stray dogs in urban/periurban settlements may contribute to the spread ...

An analytic treatment of the effects of stray capacitances on cotunneling in single-electron devices with equal junction capacitances is presented. By using analytical forms of the Gibbs free energy and by extending the Jensen-Martinis approximation @Phys. Rev. B 46, 13 407 ~1992!#, we have calculated the threshold voltages and currents for cotunneling in one-dimensional arrays, single-electron...

Probing magnetic fields can be done, e.g., by employing the well established Hall effect. Alternatively, we make use of the ballistic motion of electrons in high mobility two-dimensional electron systems ~2DES! to probe electrically the stray field of periodically arranged micomagnets. We investigate the magnetoresistance of the 2DES underneath arrays of magnetic strips and magnetic dots having...

The study was conducted to detect Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. in blood samples of dogs in Isfahan and Shahrekord province in Iran. A total of 94 blood samples were collected from dogs of different breed, age, sex, and dogs’ type (stray or nonstray). The samples were examined using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fourteen (14.89%) dogs were positive for Brucella sp. and 18 (19....

A Bayesian approach was used to assess the prevalence of Canine leishmaniasis and evaluate three serological diagnostic tests: indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), direct agglutination test, and particle gel immuno-assay (PaGIA) for Canine leishmaniasis (CL) in Algiers. Four hundred and sixty-two dogs were involved in this study and divided in four groups according to their functional typ...

At the 73rd General Session the OIE decided to develop guidance for Members on humane methods for the control of stray animal populations. In 2006, an ad hoc Group was convened under the leadership of the OIE Permanent Animal Welfare Working Group. With valuable assistance from the OIE Collaborating Centre on Animal Welfare, a Questionnaire was developed and sent to OIE Members, of which 81 cou...

Borrelia garinii spirochete was detected for the first time in Ixodes ovatus tick ectoparasitized on stray cat in Taiwan. The genetic identity of this detected spirochete was determined by analyzing the gene sequence amplified by genospecies-specific polymerase chain reaction assays based on the 5S-23S intergenic spacer amplicon (rrf-rrl) and outer surface protein A (ospA) genes of B. burgdorfe...

HE PRINCIPAL SUBJECT MATTER of this paper is the description of a thod of obtaining a calibration curve relating apparent absorbancy 81) and concentration (x). It is frequently observed that the orbancy index decreases with increasing concentration in cases in ich one would expect Beer’s law, A = log(10/I) = KX, to hold. For ample, with our instrument, the absorbancy index at 273.5 m of a lutio...

A high voltage and nanosecond Blumlein pulse generator has been developed to produce an output pulse whose voltage level is greater than 250 kV and pulse duration 5 ns. The generator consists of various components such as a charging circuit, a pulse transformer, and a spark gap switch. As a heart of the generator, a Blumlein pulse forming line has been constructed in the cylindrical form using ...

results the most common events leading to aerial firing and stray bullet injuries were marriage ceremonies, followed by a political rallies and new year celebrations. stray bullet injury also reported after aerial firing on cricket/hockey team victories, pakistan independence day (14th august), cultural day in sindh and basant (kite) festival in punjab. the most frequent sites with serious stra...