A systematic comparison of two basic types of neural network, static and dynamic, is presented in this study. Two backpropagation (BP) learning optimization algorithms, the standard BP and conjugate gradient (CG) method, are used for the static network, and the real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) algorithm is used for the dynamic-feedback network. Twenty-three storm-events, about 1632 rainfall ...

Floods are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters in terms of human hardship and economic loss. In recent years Europe suffered over 100 major damaging floods. Since 1998, floods have caused damages of some 700 facilities, the displacement of about half a million people and at least 25 billion Euro in insured economic losses. In the United States, about 90 percent of the damage ca...

Distinct seasonal characteristics of monsoon climate significantly affect river streamflow in South Korea. The roles of direct runoff and baseflow on streamflow have become more important to ecosystems and human communities in various watersheds of South Korea. Understanding river characteristics, including direct runoff and baseflow, is the first step of river management and can make a signifi...

The development of paleoclimate streamflow reconstructions in the conterminous United States (CONUS) has provided water resource managers with improved insights into multi-decadal and centennial scale variability that cannot be reliably detected using shorter instrumental records. Paleoclimate streamflow reconstructions have largely focused on individual catchments limiting the ability to quant...

This work analyses changes in the River Beça basin streamflow, an area with a typically Mediterranean climate, since the second half of the last century, evaluating trends in annual, monthly and extreme streamflow in the River Beça basin and relating them to precipitation variability and changes in land use and vegetation. Annual streamflow and precipitation are highly irregular, both in intra ...

Streamflow is one of the key variables in hydrological cycle. Simulation and forecasting streamflow are challenging tasks for hydrologists, especially sparsely gauged areas. Coarse spatial resolution remote sensing soil moisture products (equal to or larger than 9 km) often assimilated into models improve simulation large catchments. This study uses Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) technique assim...

Water is a critical resource in the Great Plains. This study examines the changes in long-term mean annual streamflow in the Republican River basin. In the past decades this basin, shared by three states, Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas, displayed decreased streamflow volumes as the river enters Kansas across the Nebraska-Kansas border compared to values preceding the 1950s. A recent lawsuit fil...

Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) can provide information about inner regularity, randomness and long-range correlation of time series, promoting the knowledge of their evolution regularity. The MFDFA are applied to detect long-range correlations and multifractal behavior of streamflow series at four hydrological stations (Toudaoguai, Longmen, Huangfu and Ganguyi) in the main ...

[1] Base flow recession information is helpful for regional estimation of low-flow characteristics. However, analyses that exploit such information generally require a continuous record of streamflow at the estimation site to characterize base flow recession. Here we propose a simple method for characterizing base flow recession at low-flow partial record stream gauges (i.e., sites with very fe...

A streamflow drought event, defined by applying the threshold level approach on streamflow time series, is composed of three parameters: duration, severity and magnitude. This study reveals statistical characteristics on streamflow drought event parameters and detects spatial and temporal trends in the streamflow drought in terms of frequency, duration and severity in Nebraska. The studies are ...