Insulin resistance is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The development of hepatic insulin resistance has been ascribed to multiple causes, including inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and accumulation of hepatocellular lipids in animal models of NAFLD. However, it is unknown whether these same ce...

Background: Increasing use of pesticides is one of the health hazards. Physical activity and medicinal plants appear to be a strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of these substances. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training and berberine chloride on apoptosis and oxidative stress markers in the heart tissue of diazinon-infected rats. Methods:...

The main purpose of the studies presented in this paper is twofold: 1) to evaluate whether phyto-adaptogens (Acanthopanax senticosus and Rhodiola rosea) are able to exert a protective action against stress-induced death of embryos of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis; and 2) whether a possible protective action by phyto-adaptogens can be explained by the induction of heat shock proteins. Enhance...

We recently showed that insulin increased ER stress in human adipose tissue. The effect of insulin resistance on ER stress is not known. It could be decreased, unchanged, or increased, depending on whether insulin regulates ER stress via the metabolic/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or alternate signaling pathways. To address this question, we examined effects of lipid-induced insulin resistan...

Citation: Liang Y-Z, Dong J, Zhang J, Wang S, He Y and Yan Y-X (2018) Identification of Neuroendocrine Stress ResponseRelated Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Resistance. Front. Endocrinol. 9:132. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00132 identification of neuroendocrine stress response-related circulating Micrornas as Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and ...

The opportunistic intracellular fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans depends on many antioxidant and denitrosylating proteins and pathways for virulence in the immunocompromised host. These include the glutathione and thioredoxin pathways, thiol peroxidase, cytochrome c peroxidase, and flavohemoglobin denitrosylase. All of these ultimately depend on NADPH for either catalytic activity or mai...

Present report gives a brief and consolidated review of insulin resistance developed in chronic liver diseases. Insulin resistance remains an important feature of chronic liver diseases and progresses disease towards fibrogenesis. Of hepatitis viral infections, hepatitis C virus (HCV) was reported to have a significant role in inducing insulin resistance. Both viral particles as such, as well i...

Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has recently emerged as a promising source of natural antioxidants. Despite its claimed pharmacological and nutraceutical value, studies regarding the effects of açaí in vivo are limited. In this study, we use the Caenorhabditis elegans model to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant properties of açaí on an organismal level and to examine its mechanism of action. Supple...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate whether ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) and compound K (CK) ameliorated insulin resistance by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced inflammation in adipose tissue. METHODS To induce ER stress, epididymal adipose tissue from mice or differentiated 3T3 adipocytes were exposed to high glucose. The effects of Rb1 and CK on reactive oxygen sp...