Several stress analysis methods were used to find the energy release rate for initiation of an interfacial crack in a microbond specimen. First, we used a recently derived variational mechanics analysis of the stresses in a microbond specimen. Previous studies for analysis of crack growth have used shear-lag methods. For a second analysis, we present a new, and more complete, shear-lag analysis...

An analysis is presented for a recently proposed nite element method for the Reissner{ Mindlin plate problem. The method is based on the standard variational principle, uses nonconforming linear elements to approximate the rotations and conforming linear elements to approximate the transverse displacements, and avoids the usual \locking problem" by interpolating the shear stress into a rotated ...

The initial-boundary value problem associated with the motion of a Bingham fluid is considered. The existence and uniqueness of strong solution is proved under a certain assumption on the data. It is also shown that the solution exists globally in time when the data are small and that the solution converges to a periodic solution if the external force is time-periodic 0. Introduction. The purpo...

Stress, a common if unpredictable life event, can have pronounced effects on physiology and behavior. Individuals show wide variation in stress susceptibility and resilience, which are only partially explained by variations in coding genes. Developmental programing of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal stress axis provides part of the explanation for this variance. Epigenetic approaches have su...

The equations of the three-dimensional viscous, compressible, and heat conducting magnetohydrodynamic flows are considered in a bounded domain. The viscosity coefficients and heat conductivity can depend on the temperature. A solution to the initial-boundary value problem is constructed through an approximation scheme and a weak convergence method. The existence of a global variational weak sol...

G. S. Hall's (1904) view that adolescence is a period of heightened "storm and stress" is reconsidered in light of contemporary research. The author provides a brief history of the storm-and-stress view and examines 3 key aspects of this view: conflict with parents, mood disruptions, and risk behavior. In all 3 areas, evidence supports a modified storm-and-stress view that takes into account in...

Plants have evolved several strategies, including regulation of genes through epigenetic modifications, to cope with environmental stresses. DNA methylation is dynamically regulated through the methylation and demethylation of cytosine in response to environmental perturbations. High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) have accounted for the homeostasis of sodium and potassium ions in plants...

A new smart concrete aggregate design as a candidate for applications in structural health monitoring (SHM) of critical elements in civil infrastructure is proposed. The cement-based stress/strain sensor was developed by utilizing the stress/strain sensing properties of a magnetic microwire embedded in cement-based composite (MMCC). This is a contact-less type sensor that measures variations of...

The hip contact stress is considered an important factor influencing the development of the hip joint cartilage [1]. The hip contact stress has been measured using several approaches and also estimated on the basis of mathematical models [2,3]. A detailed description of various methods for measurement and estimation of contact stress distribution can be found in Brand et al, 2002 and Brand, 200...

[1] The energy input to the upper ocean Ekman layer is assessed for the Southern Ocean by examining the rotary cross spectrum between wind stress and surface velocity for frequencies between 0 and 2 cpd. The wind stress is taken from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-40 reanalysis, and drifter measurements from 15 m depth are used to represent surface velocities, with an ad...