Volume infusions are one of the commonest clinical interventions in critically ill patients yet the relationship of volume to cardiac output is not well understood. Blood volume has a stressed and unstressed component but only the stressed component determines flow. It is usually about 30 % of total volume. Stressed volume is relatively constant under steady state conditions. It creates an elas...

We tested German nine-month-olds' reliance on pitch and metrical stress for segmentation. In a headturn-preference paradigm, infants were familiarized with trisyllabic words (weak-strong-weak (WSW) stress pattern) in sentence-contexts. The words were presented in one of three naturally occurring intonation conditions: one in which high pitch was aligned with the stressed syllable and two misali...

In global climate change scenarios, seawater warming acts in concert with multiple stress sources, which may enhance the susceptibility of marine biota to thermal stress. Here, the responsiveness to seasonal gradual warming was investigated in temperate mussels from a chronically stressed population in comparison with a healthy one. Stressed and healthy mussels were subjected to gradual tempera...

Problem statement: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Red Palm Olein (RPO) and Palm Olein (PO) on lipid profile and antioxidant enzyme in normal and stressed rat. Approach: Thirty six Sprague Dawley male rats which were randomly divided into six groups of 6 rats per group (tree normal groups and three stressed groups) were treated with 15% of RPO and PO for four weeks. Res...

Ž . Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr were subjected to acute handling stresses and growth-monitored for at least 30 days. In fish stressed twice daily, growth rate in weight was 61% lower than Ž y1. controls after 11 days 1.00 vs. 2.57% day and over a 30 day period it was 50% lower than Ž y1. controls 1.53 vs. 3.07% day . In fish stressed once daily, growth rate was 18% lower than Ž y1. control...

BACKGROUND Physical exercise may modify biologic stress responses. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of exercise training on vascular alterations induced by acute stress, focusing on nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase pathways. METHOD Wistar rats were separated into: sedentary, trained (60-min swimming, 5 days/week during 8 weeks, carrying a 5% body-weight load), stressed (2 h-immobilization...

We investigated whether stress interferes with fertility during adulthood. Male Wistar rats (weighing 220 g in the beginning of the experiment) were forced to swim for 3 min in water at 32 degrees C daily for 15 days. Stress was assessed by the hot-plate test after the last stressing session. To assess fertility, control and stressed males (N = 15 per group) were mated with sexually mature norm...

Benzodiazepines belongs to one of the most commonly used anxiolytic and anticonvulsant drugs in the world. Full description of toxic effects on different organs is lacking for nearly all the current benzodiazepines. The aim of the current work was to study the immunologic and vascular changes induced by sub-chronic administration of alprazolam and clonazepam in non-stressed and stressed adult m...