In turbulent MHD systems where the ratio of fluid viscosity and magnetic diffusivity (the magnetic Prandtl number, Pr = ν/η) is very large, there exists a broad range of subviscous scales available to magnetic fluctuations, but not to hydrodynamic ones. This MHD regime is encountered, for example, in such astrophysical environments as the interstellar medium and protogalactic plasmas, where Pr ...

Kinetic partitioning is predicted to be a general mechanism for proteins to fold into their well defined native three-dimensional structure from unfolded states following multiple folding pathways. However, experimental evidence supporting this mechanism is still limited. By using single-molecule atomic force microscopy, here we report experimental evidence supporting the kinetic partitioning m...

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has remained the most indispensable tool in studying equilibrium/non-equilibrium conformational dynamics since its advent 30 years ago. With advances in spectroscopy accompanying solved biocomplexes in growing sizes, sampling their dynamics that occur at biologically interesting spatial/temporal scales becomes computationally intractable; this motivated the us...

Advancements in thin-film transistor (TFT) technology have extended to electronics that can withstand extreme bending or even folding. Although the use of ultrathin plastic substrates has achieved considerable advancement towards this end, free-standing ultrathin plastics inevitably suffer from mechanical instability and are very difficult to handle during TFT fabrication. Here, in addition to ...

In order to investigate deformation history preserved in the calcite twins in the hinterland of Zagros, several samples have been collected from calcschists of the Paleozoic Sargaz complex in the Faryab area, SE Iran. These samples are related to F1-recumbent folding and thrust shear zones. The twin width is about 1 and 3.8 µm (thin-twin regime); the twin strain amounts 5 and 10%; twin intensit...

Symmetry-breaking transitions associated with the buckling and folding of curved multilayered surfaces-which are common to a wide range of systems and processes such as embryogenesis, tissue differentiation and structure formation in heterogeneous thin films or on planetary surfaces-have been characterized experimentally. Yet owing to the nonlinearity of the underlying stretching and bending fo...

Integral surfaces are ideal tools to illustrate vector fields and fluid flow structures. However, these surfaces can be visually complex and exhibit difficult geometric properties, owing to strong stretching, shearing and folding of the flow from which they are derived. Many techniques for non-photorealistic rendering have been presented previously. It is, however, unclear how these techniques ...

this paper addresses the combined effects of couple stresses, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and slip condition on a free convective flow of a couple stress fluid induced by a vertical stretching sheet. the cogley- vincenti-gilles equilibrium model is employed to include the effects of thermal radiation in the study. the governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a system o...

Deformations of cell sheets are ubiquitous in early animal development, often arising from a complex and poorly understood interplay of cell shape changes, division, and migration. Here, we explore perhaps the simplest example of cell sheet folding: the "inversion" process of the algal genus Volvox, during which spherical embryos turn themselves inside out through a process hypothesized to aris...

We study the unfolding of a parallel G-quadruplex from human telomeric DNA by mechanical stretching using steered molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We find that the force curves and unfolding processes strongly depend on the pulling sites. With pulling sites located on the sugar-phosphate backbone, the force-extension curve shows a single peak and the unfolding proceeds sequentially. Pulling ...