In this article, I focus on defective conditionals, namely indicative conditionals whose antecedent is false and whose truth-value therefore cannot be determined. The problem is to decide which formal connective can adequately represent this usage. Classical logic renders defective conditionals true whereas traditional mathematics dismisses them as irrelevant. This difference in treatment entai...

This paper studies the output tracking control of a class of sandwich-like systems with state-dependent deadzone nonlinearity between two cascaded subsystems (e.g., the gear transmission systems). An exact differentiator-based backstepping control for such a sandwich-like nonlinear system is proposed. The proposed controller utilizes the high-order sliding mode robust exact differentiator to co...

There are considerable difficulties in the way of the development of useful and reliable simulation models of social phenomena, including that any simulation necessarily includes many assumptions that are not directly supported by evidence. Despite these difficulties, many still hope to develop quite general models of social phenomena. This paper argues that such hopes are ill-founded, in other...

We introduce an iterative algorithm for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of strict pseudocontractions mapping, the set of common solutions of a system of two mixed equilibrium problems and the set of common solutions of the variational inequalities with inverse strongly monotone mappings. Strong convergence theorems are established in the framework of Hilbert spaces. Finally,...

Symmetry plays fundamental role in physics and the nature of symmetry changes non-Hermitian physics. Here symmetry-protected scattering linear systems is investigated by employing discrete symmetries that classify random matrices. The even-parity impose strict constraints on coefficients: time-reversal (C K) protect symmetric transmission or reflection; pseudo-Hermiticity (Q symmetry) inversion...

Au+Au, s = 200 A GeV measurements at RHIC, obtained with the PHENIX, STAR, PHOBOS and BRAHMS detectors, have all indicated a suppression of production, relative to an appropriately normalized NN level. For central collisions and vanishing pseudo-rapidity these experiments exhibit suppression in charged meson production, especially at medium to large transverse momenta. In the PHENIX experiment ...

Theoretical economics makes use of strict mathematical methods. For instance, games as introduced by von Neumann and Morgenstern allow for formal mathematical proofs for certain axiomatized economical situations. Such proofs can—at least in principle—also be carried through in formal systems such as Theorema. In this paper we describe experiments carried through using the Theorema system to pro...

It has been suggested that ethanol metabolism in the strict anaerobe Clostridium kluyveri occurs within a metabolosome, a subcellular proteinaceous bacterial microcompartment. Two bacterial microcompartment shell proteins [EtuA (ethanol utilization shell protein A) and EtuB] are found encoded on the genome clustered with the genes for ethanol utilization. The function of the bacterial microcomp...

Abstract This article studies Gauss–Newton-type methods for over-determined systems to find solutions bilevel programming problems. To proceed, we use the lower-level value function reformulation of programs and consider necessary optimality conditions under appropriate assumptions. First, strict complementarity upper- feasibility constraints, prove convergence a method in computing points sati...

A morphological bandpass filter would, ideally, strictly limit the sizes of all features in an image to lie between the sizes of two similarly shaped but differently scaled structuring elements. A morphological bandpass decomposition of an image would be a disjoint set of morphological bandpass images with features of increasing size such that the set sums to the original image. Such strict ban...