In a previous study, migraine cases from the general population were found to be at significantly increased risk of silent infarct-like lesions in the posterior circulation (PC) territory of the brain, notably in the cerebellum. In this study we describe the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of migraine cases with and without aura and controls with PC lesions. In total, 39 PC infarct-li...

www.aafp.org/afp Volume 91, Number 5 ◆ March 1, 2015 Stroke is the third leading cause of death in women, and its impact is becoming increasingly higher in women compared with men. The 2010 National Health Interview Survey showed that more than one-half of the 6 million adults with stroke were women. Another study showed that between 2006 and 2010, the prevalence of stroke survivors did not sig...

Background: The pathogenesis of migraine involves immune-mediated mechanisms in the vascular endothelium. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is a signaling receptor of innate immunity which plays a role in various neuropathologies related to neuron inflammation. Objective: This case/control study is aimed to investigate whether TLR- 4 896A/G variation is related to migraine headaches in an Iranian po...

background: stroke is a leading cause of death all around the world, and ischemic stroke is considered to be the most common stroke type. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are important molecules for detection of both pathogen invasion and tissue damage. in this regard, the purpose of this study was to assess the expression level of tlr2 on monocytes in patients with ischemic stroke and to evaluate th...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relationship between right-to-left shunts (RLS) and migraine and cryptogenic stroke is not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether RLS are associated with impairment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), which may play a role in migraine and cryptogenic stroke. METHODS Sixty-six migraineurs were enrolled in the study, including 36 non-RLS patient...

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is an unusual subset of migraine with aura, in which headache is associated with unilateral motor deficits, thought to be attributable to an underlying calcium channelopathy. In some cases the neurological dysfunction may outlast the headache and persist for many days. In the initial stages, hemiplegic migraine may mimic cerebral infarction. Within the first few hours a...

Migraine is currently conceptualized as a chronic disease with episodic manifestations, with attacks that increase in frequency in a subgroup (migraine transformation or progression). T ransformation of migraine may be subdivided in three partially overlapping forms, although research in this area is still in infancy, and evidence is sometimes weak Typically, transformation refers to increases ...

The term spreading depolarization (SD) refers to waves of abrupt, sustained mass depolarization in gray matter of the CNS. SD, which spreads from neuron to neuron in affected tissue, is characterized by a rapid near-breakdown of the neuronal transmembrane ion gradients. SD can be induced by hypoxic conditions--such as from ischemia--and facilitates neuronal death in energy-compromised tissue. S...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Migraine with aura is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. The goals of this study are to examine the association between migraine and subclinical cerebrovascular damage in a race/ethnically diverse older population-based cohort study. METHODS In the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS), we quantified subclinical brain infarctions and white matter hyperintensity volumes among...