This paper measures tobacco policies in statewide representative samples of secondary and mixed schools in Victoria, Australia and Washington, US (N = 3,466 students from 285 schools) and tests their association with student smoking. Results from confounder-adjusted random effects (multi-level) regression models revealed that the odds of student perception of peer smoking on school grounds are ...

A perception-based interpretation of evaluation systems is proposed in this paper. Thus, a perception-based approach to create intelligent systems is considered. The evaluation systems can be employed e.g. in order to assess student exams, as well as to other applications. Evaluation marks used in these systems are given as perceptions expressed by words. The words play the role of labels of pe...