Streptokinase (SK) and streptodornase (SD) solutions have been injected into the subarachnoid space of patients with meningitis, in order to promote the resolution of the inflammatory exudate (1-6). Because side reactions have been reported in certain cases (2, 3), it seemed desirable to ascertain the effect of injecting the enzymes into the uninfected subarachnoid space. Such a study was carri...

Abstract Background Vasospasm is a grave complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with significant rate morbidity and mortality. Endovascular intra-arterial injection Ca channel blocker agent (Nimodipine) may offer promising solution in refractory vasospasm. Results During the period between April 2017 May 2019, 120 patients who presented SAH due to ruptured intracranial aneurys...

We report herein an unusual case of diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma involving the brain, which caused a patient's death 27 months after enucleation. An eight-year-old boy complained of blurred vision in his right eye (OD) in October 2006. Funduscopic examination showed optic disc swelling, dense whitish vitreous opacity, and an orange-colored subretinal elevated lesion adjacent to the optic...

Uptake of local anesthetics injected into the subarachnoid space determines which neuronal functions are affected during spinal anesthesia. Elimination of local anesthetics from the subarachnoid space determines the duration of these effects. Distribution of local anesthetics within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) determines the extent of altered neuronal function. Uptake and elimination have been re...

Various surgical procedures for the treatment of post-traumatic syringomyelia have been introduced recently, but most surgical strategies have been unreliable. We introduce the concept and technique of a new shunting procedure, syringo-subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt. A 54-year-old patient presented to our hospital with a progressive impairment of motion and position sense on the right side. Sixt...

Hydrocephalus is a condition where an abnormal build-up of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluid causes an increase in pressure in the ventricles or subarachnoid space of the brain. It can be caused by either the blockage of CSF flow (i.e. obstructive/non-communicating hydrocephalus) in the ventricular system or by inadequate re-absorption of CSF fluid (i.e. non-obstructive/communicating hydrocephalu...

A technique for percutaneous catheter drainage of cystic masses in the subarachnoid space was developed and shown to be safe and effective in an 18-year-old boy with life-threatening, recurrent neuroenteric cysts that compressed the brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Percutaneous drainage through a C1-C2 approach was performed on 11 separate occasions. Decompression was always accomplishe...

Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) are perivascular spaces surrounding the perforating cerebral arteries or arterioles.1,2 They distribute throughout the subarachnoid space to the brain parenchyma. Solutes from the brain parenchyma and lymphatics are drained into VRS, but VRS themselves do not have direct communication with the subarachnoid space.3 Dilated VRS (dVRS) are easily detectable by magnetic r...

Two dialysis-dependent patients with end-stage renal disease underwent brain and spine MR imaging a few days after having undergone gadolinium-enhanced imaging studies. Increased signal intensity in the subarachnoid space on T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images was noted. Excretion of gadolinium into the CSF was proven in one case by mass spectrometry. Dialysis-dependent p...

Intraoperative spinal sonography was used during cervical anterior approach procedures for cervical discectomy and osteophytectomy to demonstrate spinal pulsation, the protruded disc or osteophyte, the anterior subarachnoid space, and the spinal cord. Spinal pulsation was recognized in some cases before removal of the disc but the anterior subarachnoid space and spinal cord could not be observe...