This summary was accepted but not approved in detail at the Sixth Session of IPCC Working Group III (Accra, Ghana • 28 February 3 March 2001). “Acceptance” of IPCC reports at a session of the Working Group or Panel signifies that the material has not been subject to line-by-line discussion and agreement, but nevertheless presents a comprehensive, objective, and balanced view of the subject matter.

Manpower planning is complex and demanding task, because in establishing the factual insights of an enterprise, one is required to have the in-depth knowledge of forecasting manpower planning and practices, as well as the knowledge of macroeconomics of the particular business involved. Inconsistency information and lack of knowledge during decision-making process could generate to inaccurate de...

The emerging field of information technology and teacher education (ITTE) can be defmed in many different ways. This paper proposes that ITTE be defined through a subject matter focus on the use of information technology, in all its forms, in teacher education. Although all of us prefer certain theories and methods of scholarship, there are many reasons to avoid defining, and thus limiting, the...

Treebanks are key resources for developing accurate statistical parsers. However, building treebanks is expensive and timeconsuming for humans. For domains requiring deep subject matter expertise such as law and medicine, treebanking is even more difficult. To reduce annotation costs for these domains, we develop methods to improve cross-domain parsing inference using paraphrases. Paraphrases a...

The Datu Mining process encompasses many different specific techniques and algorithms that can be used to analyze the data and derive the discovered knowledge. An important problem regarding the results of the Data Mining process is the development of efficient indicators of assessing the quality of the results of the analysis. This, the quality assessment problem, is a cornerstone issue of the...

Visualized business process models are the central artifacts to communicate knowledge about working procedures in organizations. Since more organizations take the process perspective to share knowledge and make decisions, it is worth investigating how the processes are elicited. In current practice, analysts interview domain experts and translate their understanding to process models. Domain ex...

This paper formulates a general epistemological argument against what I call non-causal realism, generalizing domain specific arguments by Benacerraf, Field, and others. First I lay out the background to the argument, making a number of distinctions that are often missed in discussions of epistemological arguments against realism. Then I define the target of the argument — non-causal realism — ...

Civic virtue is generally understood as relating to a specific polity and in that way to be distinct from virtues appropriate to a human being as such, the subject matter of most "virtue theory." This conception does not rule out "universal" civic virtues-ones appropriate to membership in a "world community"-and some theorists speak of and advocate some form of such "world citizenship." Neverth...

Disciplines are distinguished partly for historical reasons and reasons of administrative convenience (such as the organization of teaching and appointments) and partly because the theories which we construct to solve our problems have a tendency to grow into unified systems. But all this classification and distinction is a comparatively unimportant and superficial affair. We are not students o...

This paper presents an intelligent tutoring system, GeoTutor, for Euclidean Geometry that is automatically able to synthesize proof problems and their respective solutions given a geometric figure together with a set of properties true of it. GeoTutor can provide personalized practice problems that address student deficiencies in the subject matter.