We systematically examine the conditions of obtaining left-handed ~LH! behavior in photonic crystals. Detailed studies of the phase and group velocities as well as the phase np and group ng refractive indices are given. The existence of negative refraction does not guarantee the existence of negative index of refraction and so LH behavior. A wedge type of experiment is suggested, which can unam...

The management of distributed software development projects presents many challenges. One of them happens right at the start of the project and consists of the allocation of tasks between remote teams. When allocating a task to a site, the project manager takes into account several factors such as technical knowledge of staff and proximity to the client. The project manager usually takes this d...

We provide a simple behavioral definition of ‘subjective mixture’ of acts for a large class of (not necessarily expected-utility) preferences. Subjective mixtures enjoy the same algebraic properties as the ‘objective mixtures’ used to great advantage in the decision setting introduced by Anscombe and Aumann (1963). This makes it possible to formulate mixture-space axioms in a fully subjective s...

Refraction at a smooth interface is accompanied by momentum transfer normal to the interface. We show that corrugating an initially smooth, totally reflecting, non-metallic interface provides a momentum kick parallel to the surface, which can be used to refract light negatively or positively. This new mechanism of negative refraction is demonstrated by visible light and microwave experiments on...

A method is proposed to create materials with a desired refraction coefficient, possibly negative one. The method consists of embedding into a given material small particles. Given n0(x), the refraction coefficient of the original material in a bounded domain D ⊂ R3, and a desired refraction coefficient n(x), one calculates the number N(x) of small particles, to be embedded in D around a point ...