OBJECTIVE To study physiological changes caused by long term endurance training in a world class female distance runner, and to compare these changes with alterations in 3000 m running performance. METHODS The subject underwent regular physiological assessment during the period 1991-1995. Physiological measures made included body composition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX), running economy, a...

image restoration has been an active research area. dierent formulations are eective in high qualityrecovery. partial dierential equations (pdes) have become an important tool in image processingand analysis. one of the earliest models based on pdes is perona-malik model that is a kindof anisotropic diusion (andi) lter. anisotropic diusion lter has become a valuable tool indierent elds...

high speed wind tunnels are widely used in the study of fluid flow behavior around various objects. the air flow in the starting step of supersonic wind tunnels is transient including strong shock waves caused by the interaction of the tunnel main stream and the boundary layer at walls. to arrive in running step, the tunnel must be designed so as these waves leave immediately the test section. ...

BACKGROUND The peaking period for endurance competition is characterized for a relative increase of the intensity of training, after a longer period of training relatively dominated by lower intensity and higher volume. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to compare physiological and 10 km performance effects of high intensity training (HIT) versus race pace interval training (RP) durin...

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that runners having different running economies show differences in the mechanical and morphological properties of their muscle-tendon units (MTU) in the lower extremities. Twenty eight long-distance runners (body mass: 76.8+/-6.7 kg, height: 182+/-6 cm, age: 28.1+/-4.5 years) participated in the study. The subjects ran on a treadmill at thre...

Mountain endurance running has increased in popularity in recent years. Thus the aim of the present study was to determine if maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and energy cost of running (Cr) measured during level and uphill running are associated. Ten high level male endurance mountain runners performed three maximal oxygen uptake tests at three slope conditions (0, 12.5 and 25%). Metabolic data,...

PURPOSE It has been suggested that during running proper coordination between subtalar joint pronation/supination and knee joint flexion/extension via tibial rotation is important to attenuate ground reaction impact forces (GRIF). Lack of coordination may produce over time a wide range of injuries. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between subtalar pronation/supination ...

PURPOSE Knowledge regarding the biomechanical function of the lower limb muscle groups across a range of running speeds is important in improving the existing understanding of human high performance as well as in aiding in the identification of factors that might be related to injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of running speed on lower limb joint kinetics. METHODS K...

Moderate physical activity increases antioxidant defenses, whereas intensive activity is associated with oxidative stress. In this study we investigated the expression of superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), a major antioxidant defense enzyme, and that of the proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in exercising muscle tissue. Treadmill running was used as a model to investigate the ...

The two major modes of locomotion in humans, walking and running, may be regarded as a function of different speed (walking as slower and running as faster). Recent results using motor learning tasks in humans, as well as more direct evidence from animal models, advocate for independence in the neural control mechanisms underlying different locomotion tasks. In the current study, we investigate...