The Discussers congratulate the Authors for their relevant work. The paper provides interesting results of CFD simulation of turbulent circular jets impinging vertically on a flat plate. Three different models were used, the realizable kmodel, the kSST model, and the RSM model, and compared to experimental data from Rajaratnam et al. (2010) and Giralt et al. (1977). Many characteristics of the ...

The 3 seismic sources S1, S2 and S3 detected from MDI dopplergrams using the time-distance diagram technique are presented with the locations, areas and vertical and horizontal velocities of the visible wave displacements. Within the datacube of 120 Mm the horizontal velocities and the wave propagation times slightly vary from source to source. The momenta and start times measured from the TD d...

This paper discusses how the submergence ratio, defined as ratio between flow depth, D , and height, h of solid rigid cylinders forming array affects turbulence structure inside around a rectangular placed adjacent to one channel sidewalls. As becomes submerged, vertical shear layer develops in top face free surface, which strongly increases three-dimensionality modifies momentum exchange surro...

An experimental study has been conducted on the effectiveness of two types of flow-altering countermeasures placed around a cylindrical pier under clear water condition, which include sacrificial piles and submerged vanes. Their arrangements follow the optimal configurations recommended in the published articles with some modification. The temporal evolution of maximum scour depth and its equil...

Submerged arc welding is used widely in oil and gas industry construction for storage tanks, pressure vessels, shipbuilding and etc. One of the processes of submerged arc welding is back gouging operations. This paper presents a way to remove the back gouging operation from the submerged arc welding process. For this purpose, effects of submerged arc welding parameters onA516-70steel sample wer...

The present experiment was performed to study the peri-implant tissue response to non-submerged (1-stage) and initially submerged (2-stage) implant installation procedures. 6 beagle dogs were used. All mandibular premolars and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd maxillary premolars were extracted. After 3 months of healing, 3 fixtures of the Astra Tech System were installed and submerged in the right (or the ...

Stoichiometric homeostasis of element composition is one of the central concepts of ecological stoichiometry. We analyzed concentrations of macroelements (C, N, P, Ca, K, Mg, S), microelements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn) and beneficial elements (Na, Se, Si) in submerged macrophytes, water and sediments across 20 Yunnan plateau lakes. We predicted that tissue element composition in submerged macrop...

The impact of waves and bores generated by broken solitary on horizontal decks coastal structures was studied solving the Navier–Stokes equations. Solitary different amplitudes were considered, submerged ramps used to bring breaking point. fixed deck located downwave ramp placed at various elevations above below still-water level. results include surface elevation wave bore-induced vertical for...

Although various hydrodynamic models have been used in past analyses of squid jet propulsion, no previous investigations have definitively determined the fluid structure of the jets of steadily swimming squid. In addition, few accurate measurements of jet velocity and other jet parameters in squid have been reported. We used digital particle imaging velocimetry (DPIV) to visualize the jet flow ...