Most common wind sensor designs are based on moving wind vanes and are potentially susceptible to mechanical failure. This paper explores an alternative approach without moving parts for robotic sailboat applications. The new wind sensor operates on a thermal principle and is constructed of a 2D-array of discrete, surface-mount components. This paper describes the experimental work on a prototy...

We present the bidirectional reflectance of a Labsphere calibration plaque, both dry and submerged in water, at normal illumination. The measurements indicate that when submerged in water, the Labsphere calibration plaque has a higher reflectance value than when dry at viewing angles below 55 degrees . The results are presented in the form of a reflectance factor and are useful for calibrating ...

The grid-to-rod fretting (GTRF) problem in pressurized water reactors is a flow-induced vibration phenomenon that results in wear and failure of the cladding material on fuel rods. Grid-to-rod fretting is responsible for over 70% of the fuel leaks in pressurized water reactors in the U.S. The GTRFinduced wear process involves turbulent flow, mechanical vibration, tribology, and time-varying irr...

A novel distributed window for output radiation from a high power 110 GHz gyrotron is made of thin slats of sapphire interleaved and brazed to hollow metal vanes. We report the results of electromagnetic theory and cold test of this distributed window. We calculate the frequency dependence of the reflectivity of a Gaussian beam from the window. The theory indicates a significant frequency shift...

The main greenhouse gases (GHGs) producer is represented by the fossil burning systems. The paper presents the effect on the GHGs emission combined with the economic effects of a new pumping system method of automatic mixing of hot and cold water circulated with variable speed driving pumps and adjustable vanes. Considering the potential economic and environmental effects combined with the soci...

A graph on 2n vertices can be Skolem-labeled if the vertices can be given labels from {1, . . . , n} such that each label i is assigned to exactly two vertices and these vertices are at distance i. Mendelsohn and Shalaby have characterized the Skolem-labeled paths, cycles and windmills (of fixed vane length). In this paper, we obtain necessary conditions for the Skolem-labeling of generalized k...

In this brief, constrained multi variable model predictive control (MPC) strategy is investigated for a GE9001E gas turbine power plant. So the rotor speed and exhaust gas temperature are controlled manipulating the fuel command and compressor inlet guide vanes position. A nonlinear model is introduced using conventional mathematical models and ARX identification procedure as gas turbine plant ...

Background. The decline of submerged plant populations due to high heavy metal (e.g., Cu) levels in sediments and ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) accumulation in the freshwater column has become a significant global problem. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of ammonia-N on submerged macrophytes, but few have focused on the influence of sediment Cu on submerged macrophytes and their combi...

Guide vanes are a mechanical system used to direct flow in the desired direction. At lower operating conditions, implementing guide vane draft tube of hydro-turbine can decrease excess swirl and, thus, reduce pressure fluctuations. The present study discusses numerical methodology design an effective high head Francis model turbine. method is computationally efficient and saves computational ti...