نتایج جستجو برای: subnational government
تعداد نتایج: 130993 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The use of expenditure needs, sometimes referred to as “expenditure norms”, “budgetary norms”, or “minimum standards”, is important in the formulation of budgets and, especially, in the establishment of transfer and grant formulae. Minimum standards are also used by central governments to control expenditure policies of subnational governments, often with the goal of protecting and enhancing na...
This correspondence argues and offers recommendations for how Geographic Information System (GIS) applied to maternal and newborn health data could potentially be used as part of the broader efforts for ending preventable maternal and newborn mortality. These recommendations were generated from a technical consultation on reporting and mapping maternal deaths that was held in Washington, DC fro...
In the aftermath of World War II, one of the primary motivations for creating the institutions that eventually evolved into the European Union (EU) was to ensure a more lasting peace in Europe by connecting, or "integrating," member nations in such a way that a resurgence of strong nationalism could not again lead to war. To this end, the EU has conceptualized Europe as a “Europe of Regions” th...
Progress towards universal health coverage in BRICS: translating economic growth into better health.
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--represent some of the world's fastest growing large economies and nearly 40% of the world's population. Over the last two decades, BRICS have undertaken health-system reforms to make progress towards universal health coverage. This paper discusses three key aspects of these reforms: the role of governme...
The persistence of fiscal deficits in many industrial democracies has spawned a vast theoretical literature in political economy on why nations run budget deficits, along with a sharp policy debate concerning fiscal institutions that might reduce these deficits. The debate on fiscal institutions, such as proposed balanced budget amendments for the federal government, involves relatively little ...
This paper describes the integrated approach taken by the Government of Ethiopia with support from the Essential Services for Health in Ethiopia (ESHE) Project and assesses its effect on the coverage of six child health practices associated with reducing child mortality. The ESHE Project was designed to contribute to reducing high child mortality rates at scale among 14.5 million people through...
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