In 2006, 3.6 million children in the United States received a child protective services' investigation and 905,000 children (about one-quarter of those investigated) were found to have been abused or neglected. Children who have been maltreated are at risk for experiencing a host of mental health problems, including depression, posttraumatic stress, dissociation, reactive attachment, low self-e...

The psychoactive agent N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine (MBDB) was identified in urine samples from ten people suspected of petty drug offences. MBDB is a selective serotonin-releasing agent and the alpha-ethyl homologue of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The presence of MBDB was confirmed by comparing the mass spectra of the urine samples with the mass spectrum of ...

The widespread use of reporting estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) alongside serum creatinine has led to a heightened appreciation of renal disease. However, creatinine is recognized as an insensitive marker of true GFR and therefore can lead to misdiagnosis of renal dysfunction in the absence of true pathology. We report the case of a 37-year-old male referred due to abnormal eGFR and...

We compared temporal and probability discounting of a nonconsumable reward (money) and three directly consumable rewards (candy, soda, and beer). When rewards were delayed, monetary rewards were discounted less steeply than directly consumable rewards, all three of which were discounted at equivalent rates. When rewards were probabilistic, however, there was no difference between the discountin...

Chart reviews were used to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of 68 urban American Indian people attending an Indian-oriented outpatient substance-abuse treatment program in Denver, Colorado, and to describe program staff's assessment of client's response to treatment. Alcohol and marijuana were the drugs abused most frequently. The program admitted about equal numbers of males a...

Cocaine is a widely abused substance with psychostimulant effects that are attributed to inhibition of the dopamine transporter (DAT). We present molecular models for DAT binding of cocaine and cocaine analogs constructed from the high-resolution structure of the bacterial transporter homolog LeuT. Our models suggest that the binding site for cocaine and cocaine analogs is deeply buried between...

Levels of drug and alcohol abuse were assessed in a large sample (n = 835) of patients with affective syndromes. Almost one-fourth of the patients had abused alcohol or drugs at a clinically significant level during their current episode. Multiple regression techniques were used to assess whether certain characteristics were associated with increased alcohol or drug use in this sample, as they ...

BACKGROUND This study describes early treatment drug use status and associated clinical characteristics in a diverse sample of patients entering outpatient substance abuse psychosocial counseling treatment. The goal is to more fully characterize those entering treatment with and without active use of their primary drug in order to better understand associated treatment needs and resilience fact...

Carisoprodol is a frequently prescribed muscle relaxant. In recent years, this drug has been increasingly abused. The effects of carisoprodol have been attributed to its metabolite, meprobamate, a controlled substance that produces sedation via GABAA receptors (GABAARs). Given the structural similarities between carisoprodol and meprobamate, we used electrophysiological and behavioral approache...