The many criticisms of null hypothesis testing suggest when it is not useful and what is should not be used for. This article explores when and why its use is appropriate. Null hypothesis testing is insufficient when size of effect is important, but it is ideal for testing ordinal claims relating the order of conditions, which are common in psychology. Null hypothesis testing also is insufficie...

Efficiency, current throughput, and speed of electronic devices are to a great extent dictated by charge carrier mobility. The classic approach to impart high carrier mobility to polymeric semiconductors has often relied on the assumption that extensive order and crystallinity are needed. Recently, however, this assumption has been challenged, because high mobility has been reported for semicon...

Since its introduction more than 3 decades ago, the use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) has increased greatly due to its simplicity, convenience, and low cost. Advances in technique, antibiotic prophylaxis, and the introduction of newer solutions have improved survival, quality of life, and reduced rate of complications with PD. In Hong Kong, approximately 80% end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient...

Public health interventions have unique characteristics compared to health technologies, which present additional challenges for economic evaluation (EE). High quality EEs that are able to address the particular methodological challenges are important for public health decision-makers. In England, they are even more pertinent given the transition of public health responsibilities in 2013 from t...

Metformin causing vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency has become a traditional myth in medical literature (1,2). But what evidence do we have? The possibility to measure holotranscobalamin (active B12) and the metabolic marker, methylmalonic acid (MMA), has changed the practice of diagnosing B12 deficiency in recent years. We have learned that not all low plasma B12 means a “deficiency” and not all hi...

Does the MOSES Study Provide Sufficient Evidence for Eprosartan Against Nitrendipine? To the Editor: We read the article by Dr Schrader et al1 with great interest. Their conclusion, “MOSES does reveal protective effects of Eprosartan over Nitrendipine,” hinges entirely on the analysis of the primary end point, which includes recurrent events (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and all-c...

In this paper, we report that the “sufficient conditions” of MD5 [1] of the modification technique for the collision search algorithm described by Wang [2] are not sufficient. In our analysis, we show at least 4 extra-conditions for the message modification in the first block and corrections of the several conditions which are correspond to the highest (32nd) bit of the sufficient conditions in...

BACKGROUND Recent guidelines from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommend the use of ultrasound guidance for central venous catheterization in children. This study prospectively examined the use of ultrasound guidance for central venous catheterization in children undergoing heart surgery. METHODS One hundred and twenty-four infants and children were randomized to eith...

Sir, I enjoyed Philip Hannaford's measured and incisive editorial on the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (February Journal). 1 We too have been interested in the issue of using HRT for the prevention of osteoporosis, and have conducted an extensive literature search on the subject as part of a project to develop evidence-based audit criteria for osteo-porosis in primary care. 2 Despite...

By Steven R. Shaw, Laura Varona Prevez, & Shalaka Shah “The life and soul of science is its practical application.” — Baron William Thomson Kelvin School psychology training programs take great pride in claiming to prepare scientist-practitioners consistent with the tradition of the Boulder model. Science as a basis for practice is also endorsed by government initiatives, such as in the case of...