1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) has been evaluated as a starting material for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-4-(2-phenoxyethyl)piperazines and related derivatives. We found that 1-alkyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium salts, resulting from the alkylation of DABCO, efficiently react with a variety of nucleophiles in polyethyleneglycol (PEG) or diglyme at high temperatures to give piperazine p...

Voss, J. G. (Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio). Effect of inorganic cations on bactericidal activity of anionic surfactants. J. Bacteriol. 86:207-211. 1963.-The bactericidal effectiveness of two alkyl benzene sulfonates and of three other types of anionic surfactants against Staphylococcus aureus is increased in the presence of low concentrations of divalent cations, especially alkaline e...

The spatial distribution of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) was investigated in dab (Limanda limanda) bile fluids collected from Iceland and the North Sea. Concentrations of various PFCs, including perfluorinated sulfonates (C(4)-C(6), C(8) PFSAs), perfluorinated carboxylic acids (C(9)-C(14) PFCAs) and n-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol (MeFOSE), were quantified. Perfluorooctane sulfo...

The temperature-induced phase transition behaviors of a thermoresponsive ionic liquid (tributylhexylphosphonium 3-sulfopropylmethacrylate, [P4,4,4,6][MC3S]) and its polymer (poly-tributylhexylphosphonium 3-sulfopropylmethacrylate, P[P4,4,4,6][MC3S]) have been investigated using DSC, optical microscopy, temperature-variable (1)H NMR, and FT-IR in combination with two-dimensional analysis methods...

Relationships between the molecular structure and the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of anionic surfactants were investigated using a quantitative structure-property relationship approach. Measured cmc values for 119 anionic structures, representing sodium alkyl sulfates and sodium sulfonates with a wide variety of hydrophobic and hydrophilic structures, were considered. The best multiple...

This paper reports on experimental results of aqueous heterophase polymerizations with monomers of quite different solubility in water ranging from the water-soluble 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to lauryl methacrylate with solubility in water of only about 10 mM. A calorimetric study revealed the strong influence of both the hydrophilicity of the monomer and the stirrer speed on the rate of poly...

This research is focused on secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS), anionic surfactants widely used in household applications that access aquatic environments mainly via sewage discharges. We studied their sorption capacity and anaerobic degradation in marine sediments, providing the first data available on this topic. SAS partition coefficients increased towards those homologues having longer alkyl...

Tissue damage causes inflammation, by recruiting leukocytes and activating them to release proinflammatory mediators. We show that high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) orchestrates both processes by switching among mutually exclusive redox states. Reduced cysteines make HMGB1 a chemoattractant, whereas a disulfide bond makes it a proinflammatory cytokine and further cysteine oxidation to s...

Polyion complexes of three chitosans with poly(vinyl sulfate) (PVS) and dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) were examined by a potentiometric study that was to separately measure the pH of sample solutions individually prepared. Apparent formation constants (Ki) of ion association between the protonated amines of chitosan and the sulfates of PVS or the sulfonates of DBS were determined. The effects ...

Naphthalene (CAS Registry Number: 91-20-3) is a natural constituent of coal tar, comprising approximately 11% of that material by weight (HSDB, 2003). It is present in gasoline and diesel fuels. All pesticide registrations of naphthalene, including use as a moth repellent, were cancelled in California in 1991 due to data gap inadequacies. However, naphthalene is included on a list of "inert" or...