We perform the first kinematic analysis of a CME observed by both imaging and in situ instruments on board STEREO, namely the SECCHI, PLASTIC, and IMPACT experiments. Launched on 2008 February 4, the CME is tracked continuously from initiation to 1 AU using the SECCHI imagers on both STEREO spacecraft, and is then detected by the PLASTIC and IMPACT particle and field detectors on board STEREO-B...

On 2012 September 30–October 1 the Earth underwent a two-step geomagnetic storm. We examine the Sun-toEarth characteristics of the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) responsible for the geomagnetic storm with combined heliospheric imaging and in situ observations. The first CME, which occurred on 2012 September 25, is a slow event and shows an acceleration followed by a nearly invariant speed in the...

Positioning the nucleus is essential for the formation of polarized cells, pronuclear migration, cell division, cell migration and the organization of specialized syncytia such as mammalian skeletal muscles. Proteins that are required for nuclear positioning also function during chromosome movement and pairing in meiosis. Defects in these processes lead to human diseases including laminopathies...

A sudden depletion or intensity “dimming” of the X-ray corona sometimes accompanies a solar eruptive flare or coronal mass ejection (CME). We have identified a dimming that occurred just prior to a “halo” CME, observed on 1997 April 7 using the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) on Yohkoh. Halo CMEs are prime candidates for “space weather” effects. The dimming occurred in compact regions near a flare o...

Land surface temperature and fractional vegetation coverage (LST/FVC) space is a classical model for estimating evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and drought monitoring based on remote sensing. One of the key issues in its utilization is to determine its boundaries, i.e., the dry and wet edges. In this study, we revisited and compared three methods that were presented by Moran et al. (1994), L...

The sun is the unlimited energy source for life on the earth. However, besides as the energy source, the sun also gives disruptions to the universe around the earth and also to the life on the earth. Sources of the disruptions from the sun are flares and Coronal Mass Ejection/CME. Both of those disruptions in general come from group of sunspots. With the growing of dependency of human life with...

The subject of this paper, sun leaves are thicker and show higher photosynthetic rates than the shade leaves, is approached in two ways. The first seeks to answer the question: why are sun leaves thicker than shade leaves? To do this, CO2 diffusion within a leaf is examined first. Because affinity of Rubisco for CO2 is low, the carboxylation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is competitively inhibit...

It is shown that the Earth, Sun and stars are not inertial systems. The speed of movement one system relative to another does affect parameters moving system. Photons, electrons, protons, neutrons move in space helical spirals. equations special theory relativity applicable particles have particle‑wave properties. fifth coordinate needed for curvature four‑dimensional general relativity. Theref...

The main objective of the SunFlare project is modelling and understanding the couplings between the sub-surface layers and visible layers of the Sun: the solar photosphere, chromosphere and corona. – The mass density is much larger in the subsurface layers than in the visible layers. The kinetic and magnetic energy densities are also correspondingly large. The motions that occur in these layers...