We report the optimization of sunflower oil methyl esters (SOME/biodiesel) production via alkaline catalyzed transesterification of crude sunflower oil and subsequent physical and chemical characterization. The optimum conditions elucidated for the methanolysis of sunflower oil were found to be: methanol/sunflower oil molar ratio, 6:1; reaction temperature, 60 1C; and NaOH catalyst concentratio...

effects of various fertilizers such as farmyard manure (fm), urea, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr, including the genera azotobacter and azospirillium) were checked on yield, fatty acids, protein, and oil contents of sunflower. a two-year field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid region in iran in 2007 and 2008. the experiment was a split plot in a randomized complete block d...

For heavy metal-contaminated agricultural land, low-cost, plant-based phytoextraction measures can be a key element for a new land management strategy. When agents are applied into the soil, the solubility of heavy metals and their subsequent accumulation by plants can be increased, and, therefore, phytoextraction enhanced. An overview is given of the state of the art of enhancing heavy metal s...

Contrary to Lentz et al. (1), I suggested that the sunflower was carried from North America to Europe, not from North America to Mexico. They also misinterpret a number of early documents. In the original Mexican edition of Hernández, Ximénez (2) neither included a drawing of sunflower nor indicated its use by Indians (indios). Hernández called the sunflower chimalacatl and variants, which tran...

Abstract In recent years, the modernisation process has led to a radical transformation of territory, producing waste in various forms (José Zapata Campos and Michael Hall Organising city, Bristol University Press, 2013). Waste, not only sense domestic or industrial but also broader concept linked territory landscape’s spatial context. The relates degraded subsequently abandoned area. Places un...

The biobased business model, which initiated the era of improved use biological resources, upgrading resources otherwise wasted or downgraded, started with “biomass to biofuel” biorefinery: economy by scale, requiring large investments, and stable supply high volume, low-cost feedstock. A high-profiled model for pioneering biorefineries was a joint venture, often formed two already mature busin...

According to the US Department of Energy, succinic acid (SA) is a top platform chemical that can be produced from biomass. Bread waste, which has high starch content, second most wasted food in UK and serve as potential low cost feedstock for production SA. This work evaluates environmental performance proposed biorefinery concept SA by fermentation waste bread using cradle-to-factory gate life...

Since 1979, the Denver Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, has conducted an accelerated research program on the blackbird-sunflower problem which occurs annually in the Dakotas and Minnesota. The objective is to develop effective, cost beneficial and environmentally safe methods for reducing blackbird damage to ripening sunflower. A multidisciplinary approach involving int...