Recent studies on Northern Ireland rivers have shown that summer nitrite (NO(inf2)(sup-)) concentrations greatly exceed the European Union guideline of 3 (mu)g of N liter(sup-1) for rivers supporting salmonid fisheries. In fast-flowing aerobic small streams, NO(inf2)(sup-) is thought to originate from nitrification, due to the retardation of Nitrobacter strains by the presence of free ammonia. ...

Let $H$ be a bialgebra. $\sigma: H\otimes H\to A$ linear map, where $A$ is left $H$-comodule coalgebra, and an algebra with $H$-weak action $\triangleright$. $\tau: B$ $B$ right $\triangleleft$. In this paper, we improve the necessary conditions for two-sided crossed product $A\#^{\sigma} H~{^{\tau}\#} smash coproduct coalgebra $A\times H\times to form bialgebra (called double biproduct) such t...

‎let $r$ be a $*$-prime ring with center‎ ‎$z(r)$‎, ‎$d$ a non-zero $(sigma,tau)$-derivation of $r$ with associated‎ ‎automorphisms $sigma$ and $tau$ of $r$‎, ‎such that $sigma$‎, ‎$tau$‎ ‎and $d$ commute with $'*'$‎. ‎suppose that $u$ is an ideal of $r$ such that $u^*=u$‎, ‎and $c_{sigma,tau}={cin‎ ‎r~|~csigma(x)=tau(x)c~mbox{for~all}~xin r}.$ in the present paper‎, ‎it is shown that...

A new transient Raman thermal probing technique, frequency-resolved Raman (FR-Raman), is developed for probing the transient thermal response of materials and measuring their thermal diffusivity. The FR-Raman uses an amplitude-modulated square-wave laser for simultaneous material heating and Raman excitation. The evolution profile of Raman properties: intensity, Raman wavenumber, and emission, ...

We find estimates on the norms commutators of the form [f(x), y] in terms of the norm of [x, y], assuming that x and y are contactions in a C*-algebra A, with x normal and with spectrum within the domain of f . In particular we discuss ‖[x, y]‖ and ‖[x, y]‖ for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. For larger values of δ = ‖[x, y]‖ we can rigorous calculate the best possible upper bound ‖[f(x), y]‖ ≤ ηf (δ) for many f . ...

Abstract: The fundamental logic operations NOT, OR, AND, and XOR processing bit-streams of ∆Σ-modulators are discussed herein. The resulting bit-streams are evaluated on the basis of their mean values and their standard deviations. Mathematical expressions are presented for their mean values; i.e., the logic function XOR results in the negative multiplication of two bipolar bit-streams, and the...

A terahertz vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VECSEL) is demonstrated using an active focusing reflectarray metasurface based on quantum-cascade gain material. The focusing effect enables a hemispherical cavity with flat optics, which exhibits higher geometric stability than a plano-plano cavity and a directive and circular near-diffraction limited Gaussian beam with M2</sup...

Society, in Hiroshima, June 4, 1972. Abstract-Effect of removal of Na from bathing media on the tonus and contractile response to drugs of strips of the rat ileum was investigated. Removal of Na from the bathing media by replacing NaCl with sucrose or choline Cl produced a transient contraction, which was not altered by treatment with atropine. This contraction was attenuated when preparations ...

We frequency stabilize the output of a miniature stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) laser to rubidium atoms in a microfabricated cell to realize a laser system with frequency stability at the 10-11 level over seven decades in averaging time. In addition, our system has the advantages of robustness, low cost and the potential for integration that would lead to still further miniatu...