introduction: the horizontal bony canal in the lateral maxillary wall is the site of anastomosis between the arterial branches from the posterior superior alveolar artery (psaa) and the infraorbital artery. this anatomic structure is known as the ‘alveolar antral artery’.   materials and methods: we performed a literature review. the anatomic location of the alveolar antral artery in the latera...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Evaluate the influence of asymmetric recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulation on the vibratory phase, acoustics and aerodynamics of phonation. STUDY DESIGN Basic science study using an in vivo canine model. METHODS The RLNs were symmetrically and asymmetrically stimulated over eight graded levels to test a range of vocal fold activation conditions from subtle paresi...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Cross-innervation patterns to the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle have long been sought after. We have identified in the porcine model, cross-innervation by way of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (eSLN). STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS TA contraction was electromyographically recorded when electrically stimulating the eSLN in six porcine necks. ...

BACKGROUND Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is caused by compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery. Many disease states predispose one to this condition. METHODS We present a case report of a young female patient who presented with gastro-duodenal obstruction from superior mesenteric artery syndrome and subsequently underwent surgical treatment with...

Laryngeal sensori-motor closure reflexes are important for the protection of the airway and prevent the entry of foreign substances into the trachea and lungs. The purpose of this study was to determine how such reflexes might be modulated during volitional swallowing in awake humans, when persons are at risk of entry of food or liquids into the airway. The frequency and the amplitude of laryng...

introduction: vertebral arteries arise from the root of the neck as the first branches from the superior-posterior aspect of the subclavian arteries. they ascend the neck to enter the cranial cavity and supply blood to the brain. methods: a total of 20 cadavers (in 10 years) were dissected for the study of variations in the origin of the vertebral artery. this study was conducted in isfahan uni...

INTRODUCTION A non-recurrent course is a rare anatomic variation of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN). Bilateral extra-laryngeal bifurcation of the ILN seldom occurs before its laryngeal entry. Anastomosis between the ILN and cervical sympathetic chain is another rare anatomic feature. The prevalence of extra-laryngeal branching of the non-recurrent nerve is unknown. We present an example of t...

particularly at the level of the hyoid bone, but no fractures were seen. On completion of the orthopaedic procedure, direct laryngoscopy was performed showing complete regression of the oedema and the patient’s trachea was extubated. During postoperative interview the patient agreed to have felt somewhat hoarse on the evening following the traffic accident. Seatbelts save lives and are effectiv...