INTRODUCTION Patients with missing superior oblique (SO) tendons present with overelevation/underdepression in adduction. Unilateral cases often exhibit abnormal head postures, whereas in bilateral cases, there may be a marked V-pattern with upgaze exotropia. These patients may have craniosynostosis. METHODS Nine children with unilateral (n = 2) or bilateral (n = 7) absent SO tendons underwen...

PURPOSE Residual head tilt has been reported in patients with superior oblique muscle palsy (SOP) after surgery to weaken the inferior oblique (IO) muscle. The treatments for these patients have not received appropriate attention. In this study, we evaluated the superior rectus (SR) muscle recession as a surgical treatment. METHODS The medical records of 12 patients with SOP were retrospectiv...

THAT the prootic somites in the head of the vertebrate give rise to the muscles actuating the eyeballs is a fact so well known as to require no comment. As the result of the work of Marshall (7) it was understood that the eye-muscles, of which there are six, arise in three groups, each group from one prootic somite. The first group, consisting of the superior, internal, and inferior recti and t...

BACKGROUND Breast reconstruction with pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap can result in significant abdominal wall donor-site morbidity. We present our technique of transversely dividing the anterior fascia and rectus abdominis combined with reinforcement above the arcuate line for closure of the anterior abdominal wall defect to prevent contour deformities performed b...

Understanding the functional role of the cervical muscles is important for the effective diagnosis and treatment of cervical disorders. The suboccipital muscles are targets for treatment in whiplash and chronic headache, although their function remains unclear. There are no data on suboccipital muscle fiber type composition to facilitate an understanding of their function. Suboccipital muscles ...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to find the most appropriate, accurate, and convenient muscle parameter that can be used as a substitute for volume in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The four rectus muscles in 110 orbits (35 patients and 20 control subjects) were evaluated with MR imaging. The diameter at the larg...

PURPOSE To determine the acute histologic and ultrastructural effects of a recently developed muscle-specific immunotoxin, ricin-mAb 35. METHODS Graduated doses of ricin-mAb 35, composed of ricin conjugated to a monoclonal antibody against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of skeletal muscle, were injected into one superior rectus muscle in rabbits. After 3, 7, and 14 days, both superior r...

To cite: Kumar S, Shukla R. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2014-207686 DESCRIPTION A 14-year-old boy presented with mild headache of 20 days duration and three episodes of vomiting over the past 3 days. On clinical evaluation, he had grade I papilloedema along with bilateral partial ptosis (figure 1). Extraocular movements, pupils and the rest of...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume alterations in whole-brain structures in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and further to assess the correlation between GM and WM volume variations and symptom severity in schizophrenia. A total of 22 patients with schizophrenia and 22 age-matched healthy ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Some patients with restrictive thyroid ophthalmopathy, referred for consideration of extraocular muscle surgery, complained of flashing lights in the superior visual field on upgaze. The frequency was assessed and the pathogenesis of this previously unreported symptom explored. METHODS 30 patients were recruited, all of whom had tight inferior recti and were in the burnt out p...