It has been observed that certain char particles shrink when oxidized under kinetically limited conditions, instead of reacting at constant diameter, as expected. This study was perfonned to determine whether or not char from PSOC 1451 coal, prepared at different temperatures would also shrink during low temperature gasification. Coal chars, formed at l 200K and 1600K, were levitated in the ele...

The ability to interrogate and track single cells over time in a high-throughput format would provide critical information for fundamental biological understanding of processes and for various applications, including drug screening and toxicology. We have developed an ultrarapid and simple method to create single-cell wells of controllable diameter and depth with commodity shrink-wrap film and ...

Superhydrophobic surfaces in nature exhibit desirable properties including self-cleaning, bacterial resistance, and flight efficiency. However, creating such intricate multi-scale features with conventional fabrication approaches is difficult, expensive, and not scalable. By patterning photoresist on pre-stressed shrink-wrap film, which contracts by 95% in surface area when heated, such feature...

We have coupled the SAFIERTM (shrink assist film for enhanced resolution) process with electron-beam lithography for the fabrication of the write top pole structures for thin-film heads. The SAFIERTM process is designed to physically shrink trench patterns and contact holes with very little deterioration of the resist profile. In this article, we will present the experimental results of the SAF...