A sudden decrease in water depth, called a negative surge or expansion wave, is characterised by a gentle change in free-surface elevation. Some geophysical applications include the ebb tide flow in macro-tidal estuaries, the rundown of swash waters and the retreating waters after maximum tsunami runup in a river channel. The upstream propagation of expansion waves against an initially steady f...

A test equipment was designed to study thermal shock and thermal fatigue of ceramic materials subjected to fast heating (ascending). The equipment was designed to generate thermal stress in a test specimen by heating one surface of it by an oxy-hydrogen flame while cooling the opposite surface. The sample cracked when thermal stress exceeded its mechanical strength. The in situ crack formation ...

We demonstrate a model for determining the adsorptive and catalytic properties of strained metal surfaces based on linear elastic theory, using first-principles calculations of CO adsorption on Au and K surfaces and CO dissociation on Ru surface. The model involves a single calculation of the adsorption-induced surface stress on the unstrained metal surface, which determines quantitatively how ...

The coupling between a bulk vortical flow and a surfactant-influenced air/water interface has been examined in a canonical flow geometry through experiments and computations. The flow in an annular region bounded by stationary inner and outer cylinders is driven by the constant rotation of the floor and the free surface is initially covered by a uniformly distributed insoluble monolayer. When d...

Endothelial cells (ECs) release ATP in response to shear stress, a mechanical force generated by blood flow, and the ATP released modulates EC functions through activation of purinoceptors. The molecular mechanism of the shear stress-induced ATP release, however, has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we have demonstrated that cell surface ATP synthase is involved in shear stress-induced...