The knife-edge technique for measurements of micrometer-sized beams is extended to two-dimensional imaging by tomographic reconstruction of multiangular knife-edge data. Two-dimensional intensity distributions at optical (633-nm) and soft-x-ray (13.5-nm) wavelengths at the focal region of a Schwarzschild objective are presented. The resolution is limited by the 200-nm step size used in the data...

One hundred and sixty-eight cases of cervical conization were performed for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in a 32-month study. The indications for conization were unsatisfactory colposcopic finding, abnormal epithelium that extended into the endocervical canal, a microinvasive cervical cancer, and significant discrepancy among cytology, colposcopy, and/or punch biopsy histology. In t...

BACKGROUND Neoplastic lesions of the mammary gland, lymph nodes, or oral cavity in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) are common in captive animals. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocols have not yet been established for the African pygmy hedgehog. Thus, surgical resection is the current treatment of choice in this species. CASE PRESENTATION A 5-year-old male African pygmy hedge...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to analyze the treatment strategies of patients with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related perforations. This is a retrospective study. METHODS We experienced 13 perforations associated with ERCP. We reviewed the medical recordsand classified ERCP-related perforations according to mechanism of injury in terms of perforating device. ...

Meningiomas are typically diagnosed by their characteristic appearance on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, detailed image findings regarding peri- and intra-tumoral anatomical structures, tumor consistency and vascularity are very important in pre-surgical planning and surgical outcomes. At the 7.0 T MRI achieving ultra-high resolution, it could be possible to obtain more...

Objective: To determine the effect of large-loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) on the ability to interpret adequately the pathologic specimen and surgical margins. Methods: Fifty consecutive LLETZ specimem were used for repeat histopathologic assessment with emphasis on the interpretability of the surgical specimen and margin. All reevaluations were performed by a single pathologi...

Electrical surgical devices may determine tissue damage through lateral thermal spread and activation of inflammatory processes. Several tissue effects are associated with the use of different surgical instruments. The aim of the present study was to compare tissue damage following the application of cold knife biopsy, bipolar electrocoagulation and the ultracision harmonic scalpel, through the...

AIM To investigated the usefulness of a novel slim type ball-tipped FlushKnife (FlushKnife-BTS) over ball-tipped FlushKnife (FlushKnife-BT) in functional experiments and clinical practice. METHODS In order to evaluate the functionality of FlushKnife-BTS, water aspiration speed, resistance to knife insertion through the scope, and waterjet flushing speed were compared between FlushKnife-BTS an...