OBJECTIVE In the 1997 TNM staging system, tumors were classified into a single subdivision: T2a, and bilateral tumor involvement (T2b). In the 2002 TNM staging system, tumors are subclassified as T2a (less than one half of one lobe involvement), T2b (more than one half of one lobe involvement), and T2c (bilateral involvement). A recent study questioned the existence of a true pathologic pT2b tu...

conclusions although the presence of pni in prostate biopsy is accompanied by higher surgical stages, pni is not an appropriate independent factor in risk stratification. patients and methods this cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 109 patients who attended a tertiary health care center from 2008 to 2013. the selection criteria were pni in prostate biopsy with gleason scores ...

From 1986 to 1990 a prospective comparative study was undertaken to compare the relative accuracy of computed tomography, endogastric ultrasonography, and intraoperative surgical assessment in evaluating the depth of invasion (T category) and involvement of lymph nodes (N category) of patients with gastric carcinoma. One hundred and eight consecutive patients, who were treated by total gastrect...

The standard treatment of ovarian cancer includes upfront surgery with intent to accurately diagnose and stage the disease and to perform maximal cytoreduction, followed by chemotherapy in most cases. Surgical staging of ovarian cancer traditionally has included exploratory laparotomy with peritoneal washings, hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, multiple peritoneal biopsies, and p...

We report a case of a 6 month old baby boy who had congenital nasal encephalocele, repaired via the traditional staging procedure. The surgical techniques and procedures are described and discussed.

PURPOSE This study aimed to compare dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for the preoperative staging of early endometrial carcinoma. METHODS This retrospective study included 22 subjects with early endometrial carcinoma who underwent 3.0 T MRI examination prior to hysterectomy. DCE-MRI and T2WI were evaluated for the preoperative stag...

BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma is a highly prevalent gynecologic malignancy. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system underwent significant revision on 2009. Key changes in the FIGO staging system include simplification of stage I endometrial cancer and removal of cervical mucosal invasion as a separate stage. MRI is a noninvasive diagnostic method for p...

INTRODUCTION To assess the oncological outcomes of robotic radical prostatectomy in a country where there are no on-going national screening programs for prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between November 2009 and November 2014, 220 robotic radical prostatectomies were performed at our Robotic Surgery Center. We already have the complete data for the 2-year follow-up of the first 105 pati...

Staging of Esophageal Cancer For locally advanced esophageal cancer, staging for the purpose of planning appropriate therapy has included endoscopy with biopsy and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), CT scan of the chest and abdomen, and more recently positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. Clinical staging has proven increasingly accurate and has led to less use of invasive surgical staging meth...

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS This study examined correlations between surgical recommendations based on either drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) or common awake examination methods in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). STUDY DESIGN Prospective, blinded, clinical trial at a university hospital. METHODS An otorhinolaryngologist designed surgical plans for patients with OSAS afte...