PURPOSE To determine if lamellar keratoplasty in rabbits latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) would stimulate graft recipients to shed virus and induce viral-specific corneal lesions. METHODS Rabbits latently infected with HSV-1 received lamellar allografts in one eye from normal uninfected rabbits and the contralateral eyes served as unoperated controls. Normal rabbits ...

Prevention of cross contamination with active pharmaceutical ingredients is crucial and requires special attention in pharmaceutical industries. Current method validation describes the determination of Nabumetone (NAB) residue on a stainless steel surface using swab sampling with a sensitive HPLC-DAD analysis. The acceptance limit was decided as 2 μg swab per 100 cm2. Cotton swabs impregnated w...

BACKGROUND The present study is an evaluation of a self-collected urine dip (SCUD) swab as an alternative sampling method for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in urine samples that conforms to postal service regulations in Australia. METHODS Sixty urine samples, previously identified as CT positive were used to prepare SCUD swabs in vitro. In addition, replicate SCUD swabs were pre...

• Ask the patient to look down. • With one hand, take a new swab and moisten it in the solution. • With the thumb or a finger of the other hand, gently ease the upper eyelid up against the orbital rim (just below the eyebrow), taking care not to put any pressure on the eyeball. • With the swab, gently clean along the upper eyelid margin in one movement from inner to outer canthus (Figure 3). • ...

BACKGROUND Influenza viruses may cause a severe infection in infants and young children. The transmission patterns of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) within households with young children are poorly characterized. METHODS Household members of six children younger than 1·5 years with documented 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection were studied by daily symptom diaries and serial parent-collected...

Background: Fast and precise detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical samples subsequent quarantine are two critical factors preventing virus transmission distribution through the community. The false-negative result is a major problem because kind sample (swab sample), sampling error, sensitivity PCR test, which can be reduced by much more sensitive test such as nested PCR. Objectives: This stu...

Introduction Diagnosis of infertility problems in the mare by sampling of material from the uterus was first described more than 85 years ago in Kentucky, USA and Germany (1,2). Uterine disease, primarily endometritis, is still one of the major causes for infertility in the mare and a substantial problem in the modern breeding industry (3). Uterine samples have mainly been used to diagnose infe...

BACKGROUND A clinical trial of mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma created a convenient experiment to test the hypothesis that antibiotic use selects for clonal expansion of preexisting resistant bacterial strains. METHODS Twelve communities in Ethiopia received mass azithromycin distributions every 3 months for 1 year. A random sample of 10 children aged 0-9 years from each communit...

BACKGROUND Use of nucleic acid amplification techniques has increased the identification of respiratory viruses (RVs) in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The objectives of the present study were to identify RV in patients with CAP using three different sampling methods and to compare CAP virus proportions and types with two comparison groups. METHODS The study populatio...

BACKGROUND Four sampling techniques commonly are used for antemortem identification of pathogens from cattle with bovine respiratory disease (BRD): the nasal swab (NS), guarded nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transtracheal wash (TTW). Agreement among these methods has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE To evaluate agreement among TTW and NS, NPS, or BAL for id...