Brain swelling is a serious condition associated with an accumulation of fluid inside the brain that can be caused by trauma, stroke, infection, or tumors. It increases the pressure inside the skull and reduces blood and oxygen supply. To relieve the intracranial pressure, neurosurgeons remove part of the skull and allow the swollen brain to bulge outward, a procedure known as decompressive cra...

smotic pressure and associated residual stresses play important oles in cartilage development and biomechanical function. The urling behavior of articular cartilage was believed to be the ombination of results from the osmotic pressure derived from xed negative charges on proteoglycans and the structural and ompositional and material property inhomogeneities within the issue. In the present stu...

A histological review of dura mater taken from a post-mortem series of 50 paediatric cases aged up to 5 months revealed fresh bleeding in the dura in 36/50, the bleeding ranging from small perivascular haemorrhages to extensive haemorrhage which had ruptured onto the surface of the dura. Severe hypoxia had been documented clinically in 27 of the 36 cases (75%). In a similar review of three infa...

Cell volume changes are ubiquitous in normal and pathological activity of the brain. Nevertheless, we know little of how cell volume affects neuronal dynamics. We here performed the first detailed study of the effects of cell volume on neuronal dynamics. By incorporating cell swelling together with dynamic ion concentrations and oxygen supply into Hodgkin-Huxley type spiking dynamics, we demons...

BACKGROUND Cranioplasty is a standard neurosurgical procedure which is performed after decompressive craniotomy. Fatal complications associated with this procedure are not well documented. Here, we report a case of fatal cerebral swelling after cranioplasty and discuss the possible mechanism of this complication. CASE DESCRIPTION A 64-year-old man was admitted with the diagnosis of cerebral h...

In a one month prospective study of 62 rheumatic patients--16 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 24 with osteoarthritis (OA), 11 with inflammatory arthritis, 11 with fibromyalgia joint pain--swelling and everyday activity was compared with changes in daily weather conditions. In most patients weather changes increased arthritic symptoms. Women were more sensitive to weather than men (62% v 37%). P...