In mechanical studies of pumping a playground swing, two methods of energy insertion have been identified: parametric pumping and driven oscillation. While parametric pumping involves the systematic raising and lowering of the swinger's center of mass (CM) along the swing's radial axis (rope), driven oscillation may be conceived as rotation of the CM around a pivot point at a fixed distance to ...

We study the e↵ects of local partisanship in a model of electoral competition. Voters care about policy, but they also care about the identity of the party in power. These party preferences vary from person to person, but they are also correlated within each state or congressional district. As a result, most districts are biassed toward one party or the other (in popular parlance, most states a...

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(4) : 269-277, 2013. The aim of this study was to analyze swing characteristics during race walking and to compare these with distance running. The rules of race walking demand that no visible flight time should occur and the stance leg must be straightened from initial contact to midstance. Previous research has not examined whether these rules also h...

Behavioral studies of stick insects have identified six mechanisms which coordinate leg stepping. All six are active between ipsilateral leg pairs. As a first step towards locating the neurons mediating these interactions, the present study describes the effects of cutting one of the paired thoracic connectives. After the operation the following changes in step coordination occurred. The ipsila...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the paper is to present the development of a system for swing phase restoration in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. METHODS The functional electrical stimulation based gait re-education system comprises a sensory system, a system providing cognitive feedback and a motor augmentation system facilitating and correcting the movement of the swinging extremity. Mat...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to ankle dorsiflexor (DF) and ankle plantarflexor (PF) on kinematic and kinetic parameters of hemiplegic gait. METHODS Fourteen post-stroke hemiplegic patients were considered in this study. Electrical stimulation was delivered to ankle DF during the swing phase and ankle PF during the stance phase via single foot sw...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare joint angles between normal children and those with spastic diplegia using three-dimensional gait analysis. [Subjects and Methods] The study subjects were eight patients with spastic diplegia and eight normal children. Three-dimensional gait analysis was used for the survey. The measured gait variables were the joints of the lower extremity in ...

BACKGROUND Persons with post-stroke hemiparesis usually walk slowly and asymmetrically. Stroke severity and functional walking status are commonly predicted by post-stroke walking speed. The mechanisms that limit walking speed, and by extension functional walking status, need to be understood to improve post-stroke rehabilitation methods. METHODS Three-dimensional forward dynamics walking sim...

This paper proposes a simple but efficient technique to control 3D overhead crane. Load must track a desired path and not sway more than a reasonable range.The proposed method uses PID control for trolley to track the desired path and fuzzy control compensation to eliminate the load swing. Only the projection of swing angle is applied to design the fuzzy controller. No plant information of cran...