This study aims to determine the effect of customer retention and switching costs simultaneously on loyalty Indihome customers at Witel Sukabumi. research method is descriptive quantitative. The data analysis technique used in this was multiple correlation, coefficient determination (R2), linear regression F. results showed, Adjusted R Square 0.465 (46.5%). means that variation can be explained...

Suppliers of agricultural output incur switching costs (SCs) when choosing new buyers, allowing buyers to exercise oligopsonistic market power, as SCs help mark down prices for incumbent suppliers. This article conceptualizes the idea and suggests an empirical strategy quantifying them through estimation farm supply specific buyers. The model incorporates price differences between revealing buy...