An online search strategy to help find pairs of medical literatures that are logically (scientifically) related but noninteractive is described and exemplified. "Noninteractive" means that the two pairs have no articles in common, do not cite each other, and are not co-cited—thus implying that any logical relationship between them may be unintended and perhaps unnoticed. In earlier papers I ana...

The use of space teaches people who use it. This is especially true for the Christian church in employing sanctuaries and buildings for worship. James White argues that a reconsideration of our use of space is necessary to accommodate the adage “to move people spiritually we need to move them physically.” He does so by delineating six liturgical spaces and three-to-four liturgical centers that ...

Signal Detection Theory (SDT; Wickens, 2002) is a prominent measurement model that characterizes observed classification responses in terms of discriminability and response bias. In recent years, SDT has been increasingly applied within the psychology of reasoning (Rotello and Heit, 2009; Dube et al., 2010; Heit and Rotello, 2010, 2014; Trippas et al., 2013). SDT assumes that different stimulus...

Werner Callebaut Faculty of Sciences, Hasselt University, Belgium & Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research Altenberg, Austria [email protected] Abstract Simon’s bounded rationality (BR), the first scientific research program (as opposed to a purely philosophical one) to seriously take the cognitive limitations of decision makers into account, has often been confla...

Beall and Restall’s Logical Pluralism [2] characterises pluralism about logical consequence in terms of the different ways cases can be selected in the analysis of logical consequence as preservation of truth over a class of cases. This is not the only way to understand or to motivate pluralism about logical consequence. Here, I will examine pluralism about logical consequence in terms of diffe...

ly, the algorithm works as follows: • Start with a complete undirected graph on all variables. • For each pair of variables, see if conditioning on some set of variables makes them conditionally independent; if so, remove their edge. • Identify all colliders by checking for conditional dependence; orient the edges of colliders. • Try to orient undirected edges by consistency with already-orient...

A syllogism consists of two premises each containing one of four quantifiers (All, Some, Some not, None) and two out of three objects totaling in 64 reasoning problems. The task of the participants is to draw or evaluate a conclusion, given the premise information. Most, if not all cognitive theories for syllogistic reasoning, focus on explaining and sometimes predicting the aggregated response...

Modal logic is sometimes characterized as the logic of necessity and possibility, of “must be” and “may be”. The aim of this book is to present both semantical and syntactical features of the subject and to illustrate gy detailed analysis of the three most popular modal systems S5,S4 and K. The text presupposes some knowledge of classical logic, although the necessary information is briefly rec...

A syllogism consists of two premises each containing one of four quantifiers (All, Some, Some not, None) and two out of three objects totaling in 64 reasoning problems. The task of the participants is to draw or evaluate a conclusion, given the premise information. Most, if not all cognitive theories for syllogistic reasoning, focus on explaining and sometimes predicting the aggregated response...

The safety profile of the herbicide glyphosate and its commercial formulations is controversial. Reviews have been published by individuals who are consultants and employees of companies commercializing glyphosate-based herbicides in support of glyphosate's reapproval by regulatory agencies. These authors conclude that glyphosate is safe at levels below regulatory permissible limits. In contras...