Mutualistic endosymbioses between two partners are complex associations that are regulated by the genetic interactions of the partners. One important marine symbiosis is that between various cnidarians, such as corals and anemones, and their photosynthetic algal symbionts. We have been interested in characterizing cnidarian host genes that are expressed as a function of the symbiotic state, usi...

Studies of physical and biochemical associations among termites, flagellates and prokaryotes are very important in understanding the dual cellulolitic systems of lower termites. The effect of antibiotics on cellulase secretions and on the structure of the symbiotic intestinal microbial community of Coptotermes formosanus was studied. It was apparent that inhibition of the protists symbiotic bac...

BACKGROUND Regarding to the growing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), concentrating on various strategies to its prevention and management seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of symbiotic on C-reactive protein (CRP), liver enzymes, and ultrasound findings in patients with NAFLD. METHODS Eighty NAFLD patients were enrolled in this randomize...

Amphibians possess innate immune defences, including antimicrobial peptides and symbiotic bacterial communities, that can protect them from infectious diseases, including chytridiomycosis. On-going research is attempting to use amphibian symbiotic bacteria to develop probiotic treatments that can protect hosts from the causative agent of chytridiomycosis, the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium de...

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is carried out by free-living, non-symbiotic, associative and symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria, symbiotic fixers being the major contributors. LegumeRhizobium association being most effectively and widely studied is the major area of concern with regard to BNF technology. The symbiotic association between legumes and rhizobia is highly influenced by various ...

Nodule bacteria (rhizobia) in symbiotic associations with legumes enable considerable entries of biologically fixed nitrogen into soil. Efforts are therefore made to intensify the natural process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by legume inoculation. Studies of field populations of rhizobia open up the possibility to preserve and probably exploit some indigenous strains with hidden symbiotic or ...

Many ants live in complex mutualistic or parasitic relationships with other insects or plants, some of which are classical examples of the mutual benefit of symbiosis. However, only in the past few years have new insights into the symbiosis of ants and microorganisms been reported. Examples are the symbiosis of ants of the genus Camponotus with intracellular bacteria present in their midgut, an...

Symbiotic bacteria associated with midgut crypts of stinkbugs of the family Cydnidae, representing seven species and 13 populations, were investigated. All of the symbionts were species specific, and constituted at least four distinct lineages in the Gammaproteobacteria, indicating multiple evolutionary origins of the gut symbionts among the burrower bugs.

Any common genes of Glycine max and its symbiotic rhizobium bacteria 61A76 represent less than 0.6% of the bacterial genome. Thus, if any sizable exchange of DNA between host and symbiote occurs it must result in unstable DNA association which is lost with subsequent generations.