In Africa and western Eurasia, occurrences of burials and utilized ocher fragments during the late Middle and early Late Pleistocene are often considered evidence for the emergence of symbolically-mediated behavior. Perhaps less controversial for the study of human cognitive evolution are finds of marine shell beads and complex designs on organic and mineral artifacts in early modern human (EMH...

| This paper gives a survey over a self{ contained part of the ESPRIT-project \FORMAT", which developes a prover for VHDL{based hardware design. Notable is the use of a graphical speci cation language called STD (Symbolic Timing Diagrams), which can be seen as a visual dialect of temporal logic. The heart of the prover is built by two powerful industrial veri cation tools: A (compositional) sym...

Fiducial tags can be recognized successfully and decoded by computer vision systems in order to produce location information. We term a system dependable if its observable results are predictable and repeatable. The dependability of such a vision system is fundamentally dependent on the scheme used to encode data on the tag. We show that the rotational symmetry common to many tag designs requir...

Symbolic debuggers are system-development tools that can accelerate the validation speed of behavioral specifications by allowing a user to interact with an executing code at the source level. In response to a user query, the debugger must retrieve and display the value of a source variable in a manner consistent with user expectations with respect to the source statement where execution has ha...

There is an ongoing debate over the psychophysical functions that best fit human data from numerical estimation tasks. To test whether one psychophysical function could account for data across diverse tasks, we examined 40 kindergartners, 38 first graders, 40 second graders and 40 adults’ estimates using two fully crossed 2 × 2 designs, crossing symbol (symbolic, non-symbolic) and boundedness (...

Hand signs with symbolic meaning can often be utilized more successfully than words to communicate an intention; however, the underlying brain mechanisms are undefined. The present study using magnetoencephalography (MEG) demonstrates that the primary visual, mirror neuron, social recognition and object recognition systems are involved in hand sign recognition. MEG detected well-orchestrated mu...

There is a growing demand for application-specific embedded processors in system-on-a-chip designs. Current tools and design methodologies often require designers to manually specialize the processor based on an application. Moreover, the use of the new complex instructions added to the processor is often left to designers’ ingenuity. In this paper, we present a solution that automatically grou...

because of the dispersion of activities in big cities, employing highways as the most important connecting way is indispensable. in today world, highways are connection arteries of cities transporting people to their social activities. because of continual use of highway, their walls prepare a context for conveying many social, cultural, economic, etc concepts. that is why most economic promoti...

Several yield enhancement techniques are proposed for the last two stages of VLSI design, i.e., topological/symbolic and physical layout synthesis. Our approach is based on modiications of the symbolic/physical layout to reduce the sensitivity of the design to random point defects without increasing the area, rather than fault tolerance techniques. A layout compaction algorithm is presented and...