This paper examines the tensioned nature of curriculum intent and reform or re-energization with a particular focus on English language teaching and learning. The paper presents recent examples of referenced examples of English language curriculum reform projects in South Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can draw upon in its...

The U.S. health care system faces serious problems of high cost, limited access, unequal treatment, and inadequate health protection. Though these problems have persisted for decades and various reforms have been attempted, the overall impact of reform efforts has been only modest. This paper examines potential types of reform and the history of reform efforts. Causalloop diagrams are presented...

CONTEXT Recent public outcry has highlighted the rising cost of prescription drugs worldwide, which in several disease areas outpaces other health care expenditures and results in a suboptimal global availability of essential medicines. METHOD A systematic review of Pubmed, the Financial Times, the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal and the Guardian was performed to identify articles rel...

wo of the most important reforms to American public schooling in this century have been an increase in the minimum school-leaving age and a dramatic increase in expenditures per pupil. The former reform has generally been hailed as a success, given evidence that an extra year of schooling significantly boosts students' earnings later in life. However , evidence on the effectiveness of the trend...

Education reform is expected to change teacher’s identity undergo changes, which in turn may influence various aspects of their professional life. As such, teacher education context has received strong attention the literature last decade or so. This article provides a systematic and critical review empirical research published after 2010 on Chinese teachers’ construction. It conceptualizes con...

it is difficult to disagree with the general argument that successful health reform requires a significant degree of policy capacity or that all players in the policy game need to move beyond self-interested advocacy. however, an overly broad definition of policy capacity is a problem. more important perhaps, health reform inevitably requires not just policy capacity but political leadership an...

Background: The cost-effective strategies are of paramount importance in the improvement of neonatal health services. Regarding this, the present study aimed to evaluate the health sector reform of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its impact on hospital costs related to the admission of neonates in Amirkola Children's Hospital.Methods: This observational analytic study was conducted in 2015 to ...