in this paper, the dual area vector of a closed dual spherical curve is kinematically generatedand the dual steineer vector of a motion are extensively studied by the methods of differential geometry.jacobi’s theorems, known for real curves, are investigated for closed dual curves. the closed trajectorysurfaces generated by an oriented line are fixed in a moving rigid body in ir3 , in which the...

We present a broad overview of the principal processes and astrophysical sites of gamma-ray line production and review the main pre-INTEGRAL satellite observations to set the stage to the next European era of gamma-ray line astronomy.

in spark ignition (si) engines, the accurate control of air fuel ratio (afr) in the stoichiometric value is required to reduce emission and fuel consumption. the wide operating range, the inherent nonlinearities and the modeling uncertainties of the engine system are the main difficulties arising in the design of afr controller. in this paper, an optimization-based nonlinear control law is anal...

This paper is concerned with the construction and study of specific finite and infinite integral transforms arising from a singular Sturm-Liouville problem on a half line, which is connected to the hydrogen atom equation. The paper goes further to describe fully the image of some spaces of square integrable functions with respect to some measure under the finite and infinite integral transforms...