In the late 1980s, Tim Mosmann and colleagues isolated functionally distinct T helper (Th)-1 and Th2 clones, and provided evidence that these two subsets were mutually inhibitory. Knowledge of the inhibition led to the discovery that Th2 cells make IL-10 to suppress Th1 cells.

t cells have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. however, the exact role of t-cell subpopulations in this pathway is presently unknown. the purpose of this study was to assess the expression pattern of two lineage-specifying transcription factors gata - 3 and t - bet , which are important in t helper type 1 (th1) and th2 cell development , respectively. gene e...

CD4 pos TH1 T cells are considered to play a central role in a number of human autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis. Experimental treatment protocols aimed at selectively eliminating CD4 pos T cells thus far have yielded disappointing clinical results. Here we analyzed phenotype and function of circulating T cells in multiple sclerosis patients treated wi...

CD4(pos) TH1 T cells are considered to play a central role in a number of human autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis. Experimental treatment protocols aimed at selectively eliminating CD4(pos) T cells thus far have yielded disappointing clinical results. Here we analyzed phenotype and function of circulating T cells in multiple sclerosis patients treated ...

BACKGROUND Cell mediated immunity is suppressed following traumatic injury. The Objective is to determine whether there is a shift from T helper type 1 (TH1) to TH2 cell cytokine production following mechanical trauma in a rat model. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and subjected to bilateral femur fractures or sham injury. Spleens were removed 3 days later. T cell prolifera...

Cell signaling for T-cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis is initiated in the cholesterol-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane known as lipid rafts. Herein, we investigated whether enrichment of membrane cholesterol in lipid rafts affects antigen-specific CD4 T-helper cell functions. Enrichment of membrane cholesterol by 40-50% following squalene administration in mice was paralleled...

Introduction Trypanosoma evansi parasite infections cause a chronic animal wasting disease called Surra, and cases of atypical Human Trypanosomosis (aHT). In experimental models, T. are hallmarked by the early onset excessive inflammation. Therefore, balancing production inflammatory cytokines anti-inflammatory IL-10 is crucial for prolonged survival. Methods To improve understanding trypanosom...

Interleukin (IL)-4–deficient mice were used to assess susceptibility to systemic or gastrointestinal Candida albicans infections, as well as parameters of innate and elicited T helper immunity. In the early stage of systemic infection with virulent C. albicans , an unopposed interferon (IFN)g response renders IL-4–deficient mice more resistant than wild-type mice to infection. Yet, IL-4–deficie...

background: t helper 1 and t helper 17 cells play important roles in immunity against foreign invaders. differentiation of these th subsets is affected by state of maturation and cytokines that are produced by dendritic cells (dcs). curdlan is a linear (1→3)-β- glucan and has shown activity against tumors and infectious agents. objective: this study aims to investigate whether curdlan plays its...

IMPORTANCE Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are inflammatory diseases thought to be mediated by helper T-cell subtypes 1 and 2 (TH1 and TH2), respectively. Although psoriasis and AD show histopathologic differences during chronic disease, they are difficult to distinguish histologically during erythrodermic exacerbations. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the immune phenotype of helper T cel...