BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Studies involving animal models of experimental tuberculosis have elucidated the predominant role of cytokines secreted by T cells and macrophages to be an essential component of the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The immune activities of CD4+ T cells are mediated in part by Th1 cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) which is produced primarily ...

Managing drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires drug susceptibility testing, yet conventional drug susceptibility testing is slow, and molecular testing does not yield results for all antituberculous drugs. We addressed these challenges by utilizing real-time PCR of mycobacteriophage D29 DNA to evaluate the drug resistance of clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. Mycobacteriophages inf...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, with an evolution and treatment outcome determined by the interaction between the mycobacterial and human genotypes. Various deficiencies of innate immune response starting from the first encounter of M. tuberculosis with lung cells endanger host infection control due to decreased triggering o...

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease which causes major health problems globally. Acquired resistance is mediated by T lymphocytes and executed by activated macrophages. In vitro studies have emphasized the importance of macrophage activation for mycobacterial growth inhibition. In vivo, the protective host response is focused on granulomatous lesions in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

Tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS-TB) is a devastating complication of tuberculosis, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is crucial for innate immunity and controlling the infection. TNF is produced by many cell types upon activation, in particularly the myeloid and T cells during neuroinflammation. Here we used mice with TNF ablation targeted to myeloid and T cell (MT-TNF-/-) to asse...

The article presents a review of 54 publications. Transcriptional analysis human peripheral blood cells reveals molecular mechanisms regulating the course tuberculosis. Researchers put special emphasis on interfero n-i nduced genes. In active tuberculosis along with increased expression genes, there is activation inflammation genes in myeloid and decreased that determine function B- T-l ymphocy...

BACKGROUND The absence of certain genomic loci that are present in most of the virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as lack of lasting memory responses are some of the major causes attributed to the non effectiveness of Bacille Calmette-Gue'rin (BCG) vaccine. Immunization schedules addressing these issues can offer better strategy for protection against tuberculosis. METHODS...

The protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene, which encodes an intracellular lymphoid-specific phosphatase, is considered an important regulator of T-cell activation. We investigated a possible association between the PTPN22 C1858T (R620W) polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis in an Iranian population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PTPN22 C1858T (rs2476601) we...

RATIONALE HIV-infected adults are at an increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections. HIV infection impairs systemic acquired immunity, but there is limited information in humans on HIV-related cell-mediated immune defects in the lung. OBJECTIVE To investigate antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell responses to influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens ...

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans results in either latent infection or active tuberculosis. We sought to determine whether a higher frequency of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells predispose an individual toward active disease or whether T(reg) cells develop in response to active disease. METHODS In cynomolgus macaques infected with a low dose of M. tuberculosis, approximate...