We use a weak Gibbs property and a weak form of specification to derive level-2 large deviations principles for symbolic systems equipped with a large class of reference measures. This has applications to a broad class of coded systems, including β-shifts, S-gap shifts, and their factors. Our techniques are suitable for adaptation beyond the symbolic setting.

Depending on temperature, the modified Hodgkin-Huxley (MHH) equations exhibit a variety of dynamical behaviors, including intrinsic chaotic firing. We analyze synchronization in a large ensemble of MHH neurons that are interconnected with gap junctions. By evaluating tangential Lyapunov exponents we clarify whether the synchronous state of neurons is chaotic or periodic. Then, we evaluate trans...

Introduction Gap junctions (GJs) represent the best known intercellular communication (IC) system and are membrane-spanning channels that facilitate intercellular communication by allowing small signaling molecules to pass from cell to cell. In this study, we constructed an amino terminus of human Cx43 (Cx43NT-GFP), verified the overexpression of Cx43-NT in HUVEC cells and explored the impact o...

Gap junctions mediate cell-cell communication in almost all tissues and are composed of channel-forming integral membrane proteins, termed connexins [1-3]. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most widely expressed and the most well-studied member of this family. Cx43-based cell-cell communication is regulated by growth factors and oncogenes [3-5], although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood a...

Using data from 1998, we show that the gender log wage gap in Sweden increases throughout the wage distribution and accelerates in the upper tail of the distribution, which we interpret as a glass ceiling effect. Using earlier data, we show that the same pattern held at the beginning of the 1990’s but not in the prior two decades. Further, we do not find this pattern either for the log wage gap...

The effects of quantum lattice fluctuations on the Peierls transition and the optical conductivity in the one-dimensional Holstein model of spinless fermions have been studied by developing an analytical approach, based on the unitary transformation method. We show that when the electron-phonon coupling constant decreases to a finite critical value the Peierls dimerization is destroyed by the q...

Using linked employer-employee data, this study measures and decomposes the differences in the earnings distribution between male and female employees in Germany. I extend the traditional decomposition to disentangle the effect of human capital characteristics and the effect of firm characteristics in explaining the gender wage gap. Furthermore, I implement the decomposition across the whole wa...

Gap junctions, composed of Cxs (connexins), allow direct intercellular communication. Gap junctions are often lost during the development of malignancy, although the processes behind this are not fully understood. Cx43 is a widely expressed Cx with a long cytoplasmic C-terminal tail that contains several potential protein-interaction domains. Previously, in a model of cervical carcinogenesis, w...

Suppression of gap-junctional communication by various protein kinases, growth factors, and oncogenes frequently correlates with enhanced mitogenesis. The oncogene v -src appears to cause acute closure of gap junction channels. Tyr265 in the COOH-terminal tail of connexin 43 (Cx43) has been implicated as a potential target of v -src , although v -src action has also been associated with changes...