Coal bed natural gas (CBNG) produced water is usually disposed into nearby constructed disposal ponds. Geochemistry of produced water, particularly trace elements interacting with a semiarid environment, is not clearly understood. The objective of this study was to collect produced water samples at outfalls and corresponding disposal ponds and monitor pH, iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr)...

Figure 1: The original minus strand exchange model. (A) The retroviral virion contains two essentially identical RNA molecules. (B) An extended singlestranded DNA molecule is left tailing behind. This single-stranded DNA tail is free to form a hybrid duplex with another RNA molecule. (C) The original template will be displaced by branch migration of the second RNA. This second RNA molecule will...

Riboflavln (Vitamin 82) in fresh fruits and vegetables, which is present in ng levels, was separated on a reverse-phase Altex-ultrasphere ODS column with water, methanol, and heptane sulfonic acid as the mobile phase. Ion-pairing reduced tailing of the peak. Quantity of riboflavin was based on fluorescence, excitation at 450 nm, and emission at 530 nm. INTRODUCTION Analysis of riboflavin has be...

Seven species of bacterial biothreat agents were tested for susceptibility to UV light (254 nm). All gram-negative organisms tested required <12 mJ/cm(2) for a 4-log(10) reduction in viability (inactivation). Tailing off of the B. anthracis spore inactivation curves began close to the 2-log(10) inactivation point, with a fluence of approximately 40 mJ/cm(2), and 3-log(10) inactivation still was...

Controversy exists regarding the relative importance of adiposity, physical fitness, and physical activity in the regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. To address this issue, we measured insulin-stimulated glucose disposal [mg. kg fat-free mass (FFM)(-1). min(-1); oxidative and nonoxidative components] in 45 nondiabetic, nonobese, premenopausal women (mean +/- SD; 47 +/- 3 yr) by u...

OBJECTIVES A clean India is the responsibility of all Indians. One of the objectives of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Initiative) is to bring about behavioural changes regarding healthy sanitation practices. While large-scale programs in India have increased latrine coverage, they have to some extent failed to bring behavioural changes ensuring optimal latrine use, including the safe d...