In this letter we study the existence of θ-vacuum states in Yang–Mills theories defined over asymptotically flat, stationary space-times taking into account not only the topology but the complicated causal structure of these space-times, too. By a result of Chruściel and Wald, apparently causality makes all vacuum states, seen by a distant observer, homotopically equivalent making the introduct...

Over the last few years, browser tabs have become a very common tool for web users and have been extensively used to perform parallel navigations. Tabbing facilitates web browsing but results in an imbrication of navigations, which makes it more difficult to understand users’ behavior. That is why very recent research has been focusing in analyzing this new kind of usage. This work follows a pr...

Context. Stellar noise produced by oscillations, granulation phenomena (granulation, mesogranulation, and supergranulation), and activity affects radial velocity measurements. The signature of the corresponding effect in radial velocity is small, around the meterper-second, but already too large for the detection of Earth-mass planets in habitable zones. Aims. We address the important role play...

We report the results of a study of the reliability of anaphoric annotation which (i) involved a substantial number of naive subjects, (ii) used Krippendorff’s α instead of K to measure agreement, as recently proposed by Passonneau, and (iii) allowed annotators to mark anaphoric expressions as ambiguous.

To render specular surfaces, reflections play an important role to enhance the realism. For concave surfaces, the effects of self-reflections that the surface reflects a part of the surface itself are necessary to create realistic images. This paper presents an interactive rendering of rigid specular surfaces taking into account self-reflections. In the preprocess, sample rays incident onto eac...

A common phenomenon in judgment under uncertainty is that alternative hypotheses are underweighted or ignored. This article addresses when and how the strength of the alternative is taken into account when there are 2 hypotheses. A learning manipulation was used to invoke 2 representations of 2 illnesses in a medical diagnosis task. One representation tended to lead to consideration of the alte...