avo as a known methodology is used to identify fluid type and reservoir lithology in subsurface exploration. method discussed in this paper, consists of three stages, including: direct modeling, inverse modeling and cross plot interpretation. by direct modeling we can clarify lithology or fluid dependent attributes. analysis performed using both p-p and p-sv attributes. inverse modeling deals w...

Purpose Reflective practice can greatly improve teachers' professional development, and various studies have demonstrated that knowledge sharing has a positive impact on their reflection. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to examine effect of in popular online forum – WhatsApp English as foreign language (EFL) reflective practice. It also aimed probe challenges teachers faced share i...

It appears to be a common belief that processing, such as interpolation, clustering or smoothing, of weather radar reflectivity fields ought to be carried out on the reflectivity factor (Z) and not on its logarithm (dBZ). It is demonstrated here by means of a statistical study on a large dataset that, contrary to common belief, processing in dBZ is better for such applications.

Grazing X-ray reflectometry allows the analysis of thin layer stacks. The fitting of the reflectivity curve by a trial and error method can be used in order to determine the parameters of the films. Fourier analysis of the experimental reflectivity can directly give a rough determination of the profit index. Application to real examples shows the validity of the method.

We consider the quantum radiation from a partially reflecting moving mirror for the massless scalar field in 1+1 Minkowski space. Partial reflectivity is achieved by localizing a δ-type potential at the mirror’s position. The radiated flux is exactly obtained for arbitrary motions as an integral functional of the mirror’s past trajectory. Partial reflectivity corrections to the perfect mirror r...

Matrix techniques are applied to the mode analysis of laser resonators having spherical mirrors and Gaussian profiles of the mirror reflectivity. These same analytical methods provide a useful approximation to the mode and loss characteristics of conventional resonators having an abrupt discontinuity of the reflectivity. Mode selection in apertured waveguides and resonators is also discussed.

The effects of fluctuation associated with chaotic fields on degenerate four-wave mixing are studied. The chaotic field phase conjugates more efficiently than the single-mode coherent light for both weak and strong fields, the reflectivity being enhanced by a factor of 2 in the former case. The fluctuations are also shown to have a significant effect on reflectivity as a function of detuning.

Problem statement: Reflectarrays provide a low cost and low profile solution for antennas required for high gain applications but their use is restricted in some applications due to the narrow bandwidth and high loss performance. These performance limitations can be attributed to different sources of reflectivity of the reflectarrays. This work provides a thorough investigation on the reflectiv...

The radiative characteristics of stratocumulus clouds are dependent upon their microphysical properties, primarily the liquid water content and effective radius of the drop population. Aircraft observations of droplet spectra in warm stratocumulus over the North Atlantic and around the British Isles by the Hercules C-130 aircraft of the U.K. Meteorological Office Meteorological Research Flight ...