A strain of Cbstridium tetani under investigation in this laboratory produces high titers of exotoxin when cultivated on a medium containing trypsin-digested protein and high concentrations of iron salts (1). Toxin production fails when acidor alkali-hydrolyzed protein (casein) is substituted for the enzyme digest, and it has been shown (2) that at least two acid-labile substances or groups of ...

Antibody titers to tetanus toxin in human sera were assayed by passive hemagglutination with turkey erythrocytes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The first two of these tests were shown to be the most sensitive for antibody detection, having the same range of sensitivity and reproducibility. The antibody levels determined by these assays were up to 400-fold ...

The toxigenicity of Clostridium botulinum type C1 is mediated by specific bacteriophages. DNA was extracted from one of these phages. Two DNA fragments, 3 and 7.8 kb, which produced the protein reacting with antitoxin serum were cloned by using bacteriophage lambda gt11 and Escherichia coli. Both DNA fragments were then subcloned into pUC118 plasmids and transferred into E. coli cells. The nucl...

UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION Tetanus is an infectious disease caused by tetanus toxin produced by Clostridium tetani and induces severe neurological manifestations. We treated a patient who developed tetanus during hospitalization for replantation of an amputated finger. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case report of such an entity. CASE PRESENTATION A 49-year-old Japa...

Tetanus is becoming rarer in both industrialized and developing nations due to an effective vaccination program. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated there was a 93% reduction in newborns dying from tetanus worldwide, compared to the situation in the late 1980s. Due to its rarity, many diagnostic delays occur as physicians may not consider the diagnosis until the manifestations beco...

Protease activity has been demonstrated in culture supernatants of Clostridium tetani at various stages of fermentation. Gel chromatography of the concentrated filtrates revealed the presence of three enzymatically active fractions eluting at separate positions off the column. The smallest protease was found to "nick" the single chain intracellular tetanus toxin, producing the extracellular, tw...

Six peptides corresponding to various segments of the B subunit of cholera toxin have been synthesized and covalently linked to tetanus toxoid. Of the antibodies raised in rabbits against these conjugates, four crossreacted to different extents with the intact B subunit and whole native cholera toxin. Antisera to the peptide of sequence 75-85 were not crossreactive, whereas elongation by six am...

. Tetanus is a fairly common disease in India ln hospital practice, but a rarity in general practice. Numerous papers have been published lrorri time to time in which the relative merits of the different methods of treatment have been discussed. The treatment with large doses of antitetanus serum, as advocated by Cole and others, has been very favourably reported upon, ^nd is, consequently, the...

Tetanus is caused by the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and is one of the most dreaded diseases especially in the developing countries. The current vaccine against tetanus is based on an inactivated tetanus toxin, which is effective but has many drawbacks. In our previous study, we developed a recombinant tetanus vaccine based on protein TeNT-Hc, with clear advantages over the toxoid vaccine in term...

T toxoid is one of the most successful vaccines used in immunization programme almost all over the world. Neonatal tetanus can be prevented by immunizing women of childbearing age with tetanus toxoid, either during pregnancy or outside of pregnancy. Tetanus vaccine is used either in mono or in combination with other antigens i.e. Diphtheria, Pertussis (whole cell or acellular), Hepatitis B, Hae...