D a t a s o u r c e s Full publications of studies were identified by searching MEDLINE (1966 to 1999), EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (1974 to 1999), the Oxford Pain Database (1950 to 1994), and the Cochrane Library (1999, Issue 3) with the terms marijuana, marihuana, mariuana, cannabis, cannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), delta-9-THC, nabilone, pain, analgesia, and random. Bibliographies of rel...

Cannabinoid receptors are the targets of the psychoactive component of the plant Cannabis sativa (marijuana), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) are the G protein coupled receptors most abundantly expressed in the brain and mediate most of the effects of THC. Our recent work demonstrated that CB1 receptors are expressed in many different brain cells where the...

Estimating the shelf life of reagents and controls is a critical step in evaluating new formulations. We describe several stability assessment techniques, giving particular attention to experimental design. Activation energy was experimentally determined for five major drugs of abuse and metabolites: morphine, 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid, amphetamine, phencyclidine, an...

Neutral cannabinoids with a pentyl side chain-for example, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabinol-are generally accompanied by homologs with a propyl side chain, of which at least one has psychotropic activity. Samples of hashish and marihuana from Asia especially sometimes have abundant amounts of propyl cannabinoids, the quantities being of the same order as that of the accompanyin...

Medical benefits of cannabis and related compounds is widely known. Discovery psychotropic plant cannabinoid ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol have urged researchers to study more about the system therapeutics in field neurology medicine. Where activation receptor type 1 (CB1R) yielded unwanted serious side effects, discovery 2 (CB2R) its ligands gave a new hope. Till now there limited success this becau...

In December 2012, the possession and private use of limited quantities of marijuana and marijuana products became legal in the state of Washington. At the same time, the state's driving under the influence statutes were amended to include a per se level of 5 ng/mL delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in whole blood for drivers aged 21 years and older. The aim of this study was to assess the effe...

The herb Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) has been used in China and on the Indian subcontinent for thousands of years as a medicine. However, since it was brought to the UK and then the rest of the western world in the late 19th century, its use has been a source of controversy. Indeed, its psychotropic side effects are well reported but only relatively recently has scientific endeavour begun to fi...

We describe the development of a sensitive analytical method for the analysis of 11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCC) in meconium using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) platform. The method was validated according to protocols, which included assessment of accuracy, precision, robustness, stability in meconium and i...

A high dose of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main Cannabis sativa (cannabis) component, induces anxiety and psychotic-like symptoms in healthy volunteers. These effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol are significantly reduced by cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabis constituent which is devoid of the typical effects of the plant. This observation led us to suspect that CBD could have anxiolytic and/...

Objective This systematic review aims to summarize current evidence on which naturally present cannabinoids contribute to cannabis psychoactivity, considering their reported concentrations and pharmacodynamics in humans. Design Following PRISMA guidelines, papers published before March 2016 in Medline, Scopus-Elsevier, Scopus, ISI-Web of Knowledge and COCHRANE, and fulfilling established a-prio...