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It is widely held that mammalian cumulus cell (CC) expansion requires oocyte-paracrine signalling, however in three of the four species studied to date, CC expansion occurs in the absence of the oocyte. This study was conducted to examine the paracrine and SMAD/MAPK intracellular signalling mechanism mediating porcine CC expansion, and to compare these to the mouse. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (CO...
In most healthy blood vessels, average endothelial cell turnover is very low, with cell lifespan estimates of up to many years—hardly indicative of a cell type that might be expected to undergo substantial proliferative and phenotypic changes in response to external stimuli. This contrasts with the relatively rapid and continuous turnover of many epithelial cell linings, with replacement by gen...
Although renal hypertrophy is often associated with the progressive loss of renal function, the mechanism of hypertrophy is poorly understood. In both primary cultures of rabbit proximal tubules and NRK-52E cells (a renal epithelial cell line), transforming growth factor ~1 (TGF/~) converted epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced hyperplasia into hypertrophy. TGFB did not affect EGF-induced incr...
T cells of the T helper (Th)17 subset offer promise in adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer. However, current protocols for ex vivo programming of Th17 cells, which include TGFb exposure, increase the expression of CD39 and CD73, two cell surface ATP ectonucleotidases that reduce T-cell effector functions and promote immunosuppression. Here, we report that ATP-mediated suppression of IFNg product...
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