Abstract Biofilm is the most successful and widely distributed form of life on earth, it not simply structured collections cells attached to surfaces but a dynamic complex biological system able respond environmental changes. The biofilm characteristics make unique central microbial evolution adaptation. ability establish biofilms key trait for microorganisms growing in extreme environments lik...

Abstract Caigua ( Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrad.) is a native species of the Andes. Its fruits are recently gaining attention as herbal and healthy product. A landrace traditionally cultivated in Camonica Valley (Italian Alps), called “Ciuenlai” (or “Milione/Milioncino”), almost unknown. For this reason, phytochemical, nutritional ecological (functional strategy) characterization was carried o...

Company growth in a global setting causes challenges in the adaptation and maintenance of an organization’s methods. In this paper, we will analyze incremental method evolution in software product management in a global environment. We validate a method increment approach, based on method engineering principles, by applying it to a retrospective case study conducted at a large ERP vendor. The r...

1 Abstract Numerous manufacturing industries are seeking ways to reduce manufacturing costs and development times of product families through implementation of platform strategies. Deploying several variants from a single product platform can yield considerable savings in time, cost and maximize profits. It is, however, generally accepted that product platforms impose design and component reuse...

This article traces the strategic initiatives that Walmart undertook over the last decade to implement its ambitious vision of selling more sustainable products. This effort has been characterized by a gradual shift away from customer-facing initiatives aimed at labeling sustainable products toward supplier-facing initiatives targeted at improving environmental or social performance without rai...

in this research, a new method for market-product strategic planning is presented. in this method, an expert system is designed on the basis of identifying important factors that are effective in a firm and analyzing the logical relations between them. the objective is to develop a decision support system (dss) for helping managers to make strategic decisions. dds can serve as suitable replacem...