Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are dietary supplements that inhibit gastrointestinal infection and provide optimally regulated microbial environments in the digestive tract. As the use of antibiotics in ruminant feeds has been banned, DFM have been emphasized as antimicrobial replacements. Microorganisms that are used in DFM for ruminants may be classified as lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB), ...

Conventional anaerobic digesters (ADs) treating dairy manure are fed with raw or fermented manure rich in volatile fatty acids (VFAs). In contrast, pre-fermented AD (PF-AD) is fed with the more recalcitrant, fiber-rich fraction of manure that has been pre-fermented and depleted of VFAs. Thus, the substrate of PF-AD may be likened to a lean diet rich in fibers while the pre-fermentation stage fe...

Zucker obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/Fa) rats were fed a soy protein diet ad libitum under barrier conditions from 4 wk of age until death. Obese rats were also pair fed with lean controls to prevent hyperphagia. Time of death was determined and tissues collected at necropsy for histologic examination. Lean rats had longer 10th percentile survivorship (males 966 compared with 667 d, females 983 co...

The digestion and utilization of roughage by sheep depends on rumen digestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbe quantity and fermentative efficiency of rumen supplement with molasses-urea. This experiment was conducted in 2014, eight sheep were selected and divided into two groups (a control group and a treatment group), and only the treatment group animals were supplied with m...

Dietary restriction (DR), the limitation of calorie intake while maintaining proper nutrition, has been found to extend life span and delay the onset of age-associated disease in a wide range of species. Previous studies have suggested that DR can reduce the lethality of environmental toxins. To further examine the role of DR in toxin response, we measured life spans of the nematode Caenorhabdi...

nutritional indices of the willow leaf beetle, plagiodera versicolora laicharting, third instar larvae and adults were studied on four host plants including salix alba l., salix aegyptica l., populus caspica bornm.and populus alba l.at 22 ± 2 ºc, 70 ± 10% r.h., and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (l: d). the results showed that the highest consumed food by the larvae and adults (148.5 ± 18.0 and 175.21...

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder which plays an important role in neural cell destruction and as a result it causes memory loss in the patients. This disease is also the most common type of dementia which doesn’t completely respond to medical treatments so no certain cure is available. Recent studies show the advantages of using stem cells (SCs) in ...

A total of 240 pigs, 74 days old, half boars and half females, were included in a trial designed to assess the effect of the stress caused by changes in the pattern of food administration on the concentration of acute phase proteins (APP) and productive performance parameters. Half of the animals (pigs fed ad libitum, AL group) had free access to feed, while the rest were fed following a disord...

The ingestion of ethanol during pregnancy has a number of deleterious consequences for the unborn offspring, producing structural and functional deficits that affect the brain and many other organs into adulthood. The hippocampus is a brain area that is particularly sensitive to ethanol's adverse effects. In a previous study we showed that voluntary exercise can ameliorate deficits in long-term...

Methods---Rats were obtained from the Charles River Breeding Laboratories, North Wilmington, Massachusetts. Upon receipt the animals were placed on a scheduled diet consisting of Purina Laboratory chow (0.5-inch Checkers), Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis, Missouri, given to one animal per cage, from 9 a.m. to 12 noon. Water was made available ad libitum. The animals were kept in an artificial...